:
- ,
- ,
- .
, , . 3-5% . (8-12%) , ( 10% ), . , . , . (>20%), , , , , . 20% 200% . , , 1000%, . : 33000%.
. () . , , , , , , . , . , , , . , . , , , .
, . , . . . (-) . . , ( ) . , . .
. , . , , . , . , , , .
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, , , . .
. . . , , , , . , .
. , . . , , (seniorage). , , . , , .
, , (inflation tax) IT, .
IT = C x p + D(p - i),
C , D , p - , i .
, $1000, - $3000, 10%, 12%.
IT = 1000 x 0.1 + 3000(0.1 0.12) = 100 60 = $40.
, , , . .