5
6 .
7 .
S OxjptiKTepujy.iTC
9
10 - *
1 &
2
3 ctpepjx
312 ____________________________________________________ ?
1. . , 1993.
2. .. ., 2000
3. . , 1995
4. , .. . , 1998,
5 ,. . , J99H
6. .. . ., 1999
7. - / . .: , 1996
8 X. // . 1997. 9. . 25-36
9. .. - // /. . .. , . . . .: , 1999.
10. . -- . . - . ., 1999.
. ., . - // 14.1993 Nq 6 . 23-34
!2. ... .. : . ' , 1995.
13. .. 1. .: , I9S3.
14. .. .: 19S7.
15. ., . . , 1995
J 6. X. , // / . ., 1993
17. . . : , 1981.
18. , , , // . 1997. 9. , 8-16.
19. . . , 1992.
20. , , . ., 1997.
21 - // - . , 1997. 91-103
|
|
22. .. // . 18 1997 N5. 62-73.
23. // . . 1997. 5.
24. . jKOHO.MHHecKOii // ..21 2000 6 . 38-50.
25. .: - ͻ, 2000.
_______________________
26. ., . //- * / .. . -. .,, 1998.
27 .. // / ,: -, 1999. 566-571.
2. .. . - . ' . , 1989. 4.
29. .. .: , 2000. 368
30. . - // / . . .. , , 1999.
31. .. ., 1999.
32. - / . . .. , .. . - ͻ, 199S
33 / . . .. , .. . .: , 1999.
34. .. // . h> / .. . ., 2000. . 482-515
35. . // . 1997. 9. . 17-24.
36. ., . // . 14. , 1977. 4
37. ., ., . ., 1999
, . , , . . ja ().
() XIX . 1S59 . . . . 1846 . .. -
3i4 _______________________________________________ 7
, , (, 1983) ,
|
|
() 1905 (, 2001) 1935 1 , 1927 . (, 1996).
( ) 1906 , , 1925 - ( ) (Bogardus, 1925). . 1934 . , (Benedict, 1934) (Kardiner, 1939; Linton, I945)
1936 1974 (, 1974). (1937-1958), . , , , , ( , )
( )
_____________________315
1946 . . . , , .
(Mead, SljGorer, 1950). , *, X . , . , , (Duijker, Fnjda, 1960; Inkeles, Levinson, 1965) . - (111, 1954; Hoffstatter, 1957) X. (Tnandis, I979, 1994), , (Lonner, Berry, 1989), (Hofstede 1980, 1991) .
1985 ., .. - () , (, 1985)
, ( ) . ( ), , . - .
|
|
. (, 1927), . . (, 1970), . (, 1971), (, S979), . . (, 1974) . - () (, 19S5)
, -
i\6 _______________________________________________ 7
, , , *
.
. , , .
- , , . , ( ).
- , , , , ,
,
() , . , (, ), - , . - - () . () , ,
() ,
* , , , 1994 . -
_____________________317
, ( , , .).
, , , . , , , () (, 1993). (Oberg, 1960; Bochner, 1982; Kim, 1988; Berry. 1976, 1992). .. (1993) .. (1993,1996). ( , .), , : ( ; - ); ( , ); ( ; ) ( ; ).
|
|
U-- W- ( ), .
(Triandis, 1975, 1994, Handbook of intercultural training, 1983; Brislin, Cushner, Cherrie, Yong, 1989; , 1996; , 1996; , , 3 998) - - ( ).
. , ( ), -
318 _________________________________________________ 1
, () . , , (Albert, 1983). . - , , , (Kohls, 1987)
, ( -) , ( -) .
, -, * .
, .
. , , ( ).
() ¥ .
(), (), , .
. . - -
_______________________3]9
|
|
, , , , , ( , , ) .
, -- , - (, 1997, , . S999)
1 . , (, 1997)
, - , ,
, (, 1978) ,
320 _________________________________________________?
. . .
, , . . , . . . , ( ) , , .
. . : (, 1965), , -- . . (fnkelesA., Levinon D, 1965) , (, , , , , .).
, ; .
. . , . , , . (, ) , , , . -
__________________________ 321
, , . ( , , .) , .
, -, , -, , -, , . . . , , ( ) , , , (, 1984; 96).
, , , , .
, 4-5 . , , , . , . . (, 1983).
. ( ) (, , , 1990). , , , ,
. , , (, 1999; , , 2001). 11 . 838
Rr
322 __________________________________________________________ 7
. (), , (-) () (, 1999)
, , . . . , , , , . . , . ( ) (, 1994). , , .
: ( , ); ( , ); ( , ); ( , ) ( , , ) (Hofstede, 1983; Gudy-kunst, Ting-Toomey, Chiia. 1988; Hofstede, 1991;Triandis, 1995).
, - , , . .. - (, 1998). ( ) ( , ). ( , -). ( , ).
_____________________323
() , , . ; , . .. (, , 2000).
() , . . , , - (, 2000). , . .
, - , &
- - ( )
. , . ( ), , , , . - *
324_________________________________________________ 7
, (, 1999).
() , . , (), , , . , (), . - (, , 1995).
-, . ( , ).
(, , - ) - ( , , . )
. ( -, -), (- ), . - , , .
. , . , . : ; - .
(
_____________________325
), ( ).
, , , ( ).
(, ) , , , ( ). ( , ) , , , . (Gudykunst, Tim-Toomy, Chua, 1988).
( , .). , . . . (, 1998; , 1999).
. , . , .
, , . .
326_________________________________________________ 7-
(, , ).
, , - , , , .
, , , . ( ).
(-, 1985; , 1992; , 1993; , , 1995; , 1999; , 2001), (, 1993, 1995, 1998; , 1996; , 1998), (, , , 1993; , 1986, 1999) {, 1992; , 1995; , 1995).
(, , 1966, , 1968), .
.
1992 . (, (. 1); , , (. 2), 1992). 8 , . (. , . . , 1997) . . (, 1999).
__________________________ 327
. , 1991 . . . . (1995 .), . . (1998 .), * ( . . , 1998 .) 1- 1997 . ( , 1997).
(, , , 1993; , 1992; , 1998; , 1998).
- , . (, 1999; , 2001).
, , , , . 10 ; (, , ).
, , , ( , ) .
1. .
2. .
3. , .
4. , .
328 __________________________________________________________ 7
5 ,
6 ,
7 ,
8
9 , , , ,
1 MexrpvnnoBoe - , 1990
2 , - 2000
3 . 1978
4 - , 1983
5 2001
6 X 1 -- 1982
7 // , 1965 186-234
8 , - , 1979
9 1994
10 , . 2 , 1992
11 - / , 1996
12 , - // 1990- , 1996
13 , 1999
14 // , 1971 122-158
15 . 1970
16 // . 1979 20-43
17 , 1998
18 1 , 1992
19 // , 1985 225-231
20 , 1995
21 , 1993
__________________________ 329
22. . . . - ., 1995
23. .. - . - . , 1998.
24. . ., - // . 1995. 2. . 70-81.
25. - - . . . , .: . 1968
26. . . . , 1974
27. ., 1999.
28. .. - . . . . . ., 1995.
29 . . . ,1979.
30. .. // / . . .. ., 1999 571-577.
31. .., - - // . , 1999. . 208-216.
32 ., . . ., 2001.
33. . ., . . . .. 1996
34. . . . ., 1998.
35. /. ... . ., 1998.
36 / -\, . . . ., 1985.
37. - / . . . . .,1993.
38. . ., 1999.
39. . . // . 1983. 3
40 . , 1999
41. . , . ., . . ■ , 1993.
42. .. // . , 1966.
43. ., . ., 1997.
44. . . , 2001."
45. .., -- ., 1996
46. .. . . . . ., 995
47. .. , 2000
48. .. . , 1996
49. .. . ., 2001.
330 __________________________________________________________ 7
50. . . . ., 1989. . 475-574.
51. . ., . , . . // . 1990. . 26. 5. . 11O2-IIO9.
52. ., 1999
53. Albert R.D. The intercuUural sensitizer or cultural assimilator: A cognitive approach// Handbook of interpleural training. Vol. 2. N.J., 1983. P 136-149.
54. Benedict R. Patterns of culture. Boston, 1934.
55. Berry J.W. Ecology, cultural adaptation and psychological differentiation; traditional patterning and acculturative stress // Cross-cultural perspective on learning. N.J., 1975. P. 156-163.
56. Berry J, Poortinga Y, Segall V., Dasen P, Cross-cultural psychology: Research and applications. Cambridge, 1992.
57. Bogardus E.S. Measuring social distance //Journal of applied sociology. 1925. Vol. 9. P. 299-309.
58. Bochner S. The social psychology of cross-cultural relations // Cultures in contact. Studies in cross-cultural interaction Oxford, 1982. P 235-242.
59. Brislin R.W., Cushner K., Cherrie C, Yong M. tntercultural research. A practical guide. Calif.1 Newbury Park, 1989.
60. Dun'ker H.CJ, Fnjda H.Y. National character and national stereotypes: A trend report prepared for the international umon of scientific psychology. Amsterdam, 1960.
61. GorerG. The concept of national character// Science news. 1950. 18. P. 105-123.
62. Gudykunst W.B., Ting-Toomey S.. Chua E. Culture and interpersonal communication Newbury Park, 19S8
63. Handbook of iniercultural training. N.J., S983. Vol. 1-3.
64. HcllpachW Der Deutsche character. Bonn, 1954
65. HofFstauerP. Gaippendynamjkieknticderrntfasenpsychologie. Hambuijt, 1957.
66. Hofstede G. Culture's Consequences- International differences in work related value. Beverly Hills, 1980.
67. Hofstede G. Dimensions of national cultures in fifty countries and three regions // Explications in cross-cultural psychology / Deregowski J., Dzusrawiec S., Annis R. Ltssc, Netherlands. 1983.
68. Hofstede G. Cultures and organisations: Soft ware of the mind London, 1991.
69. Inkeles A., Levinson D. National character: The study of model personality and sociocultural systems // The handbook of social psychology in five volumes/ LindseyG. and Aionson E. Reading (Mass.), 1969. Vol. IV, P. 418-492.
70. Kardiner A. The individual and its society. With a forward and two ethnological reports by R. Linton N Y. 1939.
71. Kim Y.Y. Communication and cross-cultural adaptation. Philadelphia, 1988
72. Linton R. The cultural background of personality. N.Y.. 1945.
73. Lonncr W., Berry J.W. Field methods in cross-cultural research. Newbury Park, Cahf., 1989.
74. Mead M. The study of national character // Policy sciences Recent development in scope and method / D. Lernerand H.D Lasswell. Stanlord University Press, 1951. H. 70-85.
75. Oberg K. Culture Shock: Adjustment to new cultural environments // Practical Anthropology 1960, Vol. 7 P 145-157
76. Tnandis H.C Cultural training, cognitive complexity and interpersonal on learning. N.Y, 1975
_________________331