.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


/ , / , 4




"-", "" , "-". "" . , , - , . , , . , .

- , , . , , , .

? , ( ) . . (, ), . , .

, , , , . , . , , . , , . - , , , , . - ?

, . , , , . .

, , . , . , , .

, . . , , . , . , , . , , . , , . . .

, . , , , . : " , , ".

()

- , . , ; .

, , - . , , "" - , , , .

, . , , , , .

(446 . ..), . - , , , . , , , - ", ". , , , , : ", , , ".

, 1914 . , , , , , ( - !). - ?

, , , , , . , , , . , .

, -. . , ? - ; , . -, , .

, , , (. 159). Mutatus mutandis [132] - . , .

. 159. , . . .

. , , , , . 72 , , , 8 . , , . , , , - (. 160).

. 160. ; - , , - . ( : - , .)

? , , - . XVII . , , , - , , . , , , .

, , . , , , . , , . .

, , , , " ". . , (. . 8). , , . .

, , , , , , , , . , , , . . , . , .

, , , , . , , . , , ; , , - . , , .

, ? , . , , , , - .

()

,

1500 . ... . , , . , , - . , , , (. 161). .

. 161. , , ; , .

, 1400 . .., . , , , , - . ( 800 . . .) ( ). , . . , .

[133] , II ., .

, . , , . V . .. , , , - .

, , . , . , , .

, . , , , - , , - .

. , .. . ( : " ".) , , "" , , - (. 159).

, "" , ? , . , "" ? , ?

. , ; . "" XVIII .? . , , .

, " ", , , . , ,- , , , . , , . , , , . , , . , .

, , ? . . , , , - . - , , , - , - .

() () ()

1.

, . , , , , . , . , , [134]. , , . 2. 2 3.

, . , ; . !

1) , .

2) , .

3) , , .

, , . , . , , . - - .

, , "" . , ; , , , .

. , , , . , , . , . , , , . .

, - . , . , , , . . . , , . , "", , .

, . , , . , , . , . , , .

()

2-4

2.

()

3.

()

4. ()

() () ()

, - , . , , , . , . , , , , , .

, , , , , , , , , .

, , , . .

Cottrell A. The Mechanical Properties of Matter. - John Wiley (current edition).

Alexander W., Street A. Metals in the Service of Man. - Penguin Books (current edition).

Sarnans C. H. Engineering Metals and their Alloys. - Macmillan, New York, 1953.

Patton W. J. Materials in Industry. - Prentice-Hall, 1968.

Hayden H. W., Moffatt W. G., Wuiff J. The Structure and Properties of Materials, Vol. 3. Mechanical Behavior. - John Wiley, 1965.

Parratt N. J. Fibre-Reinforced Materials Technology. - Van Nostrand, 1972.

Anderson J. C., Leaver K. D. Materials Science. - Nelson, 1969.

Olsen G. A. Elements of the Mechanics of Materials (2nd ed.). - Prentice-Hall, 1966.

Black P. The Strength of Materials. - Pergamon Press, 1966.

Timoshenko S. P. History of the Strength of Materials. - McGraw-Hill 1953.

Torroja E. Philosophy of Structures. - University of California Press, 1962.

Rosenthal H. W. Structure. - Macmillan, 1972. Pugsiey A. The Satefy of Structures. - Edward Arnold, 1966.

Pippard A. J. S., Baker J. The Analysis of Engineering Structures. - Edward Arnold (current edition).

Johnson R. P. Structural Concrete. - McGraw-Hill, 1967.

Heyman J. Beams and Framed Structures. - Pergamon Press, 1964.

Scott R. F. Principles of Soil Mechanics. - Addison-Wesley, 1965.

Baker J., Home M. R., Heyman J. The Steel Skeleton (2 vols.). - Cambridge University Press, 1960-1965.

Duarcy Thompson (abridged edition). On Growth and Form. - Cambridge University Press, 1961.

McNeil A. R. Biomechanics. - Charnpan and Hall, 1975.

Wainwright S. A., Biggs W. D., Currey J. D., Gosline J. M. Mechanical Design of Organisms. - Edward Arnold, 1976.





:


: 2015-10-19; !; : 398 |


:

:

! . .
==> ...

1653 - | 1442 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.058 .