() , , , , . , () , .
( ) = 12 .
t 0
t 0 = 0,8 t ext = 0,8×(-8,9) = -7,12 .
:
/.
x , ; x = 37; x = 6.
b = 1 ( . 4.1) d = 0,05 : F = b ×d = 0,05 2.
:
.
.
() , :
.
a0 . 9.1.2 [3]: a0 = 10,8 /(2×).
:
(2×)/,
K int = 1/ R 0,int = 1/2,85 = 0,351 /(2×).
:
(2×)/,
K ext = 1/ R 0,ext = 1/0,14 = 7,198 /(2×).
0,351×20 + 7,198×(-8,9) = -57,03 /2,
0,351 + 7,198 = 7,549 /(2×).
:
,
, = 1000 /(×).
5%, .
:
/.
.
() , :
.
:
/(2×).
:
(2×)/,
K int = 1/ R 0,int = 1/3,06 = 0,327 /(2×).
:
(2×)/,
K ext = 1/ R 0,ext = 1/0,35 = 2,826 /(2×).
0,327×20 + 2,826×(-8,9) = -18,62 /2,
0,327 + 2,826 = 3,153 /(2×).
:
, , 5% (. 4.6).
4.6
() | ||||||
g0 | /3 | 1,329 | 1,330 | 1,330 | 1,330 | 1,330 |
v | / | 0,49 | 0,44 | 0,46 | 0,45 | 0,45 |
W | /(×c) | 0,0326 | 0,0294 | 0,0305 | 0,0301 | 0,0303 |
a0 | /(2×) | 3,25 | 3,18 | 3,21 | 3,20 | 3,20 |
1/a0 | (2×)/ | 0,308 | 0,314 | 0,312 | 0,313 | 0,312 |
R 0,int | (2×)/ | 3,06 | 3,07 | 3,06 | 3,07 | 3,07 |
K int | /(2×) | 0,327 | 0,326 | 0,326 | 0,326 | 0,326 |
R 0,ext | (2×)/ | 0,35 | 0,36 | 0,36 | 0,36 | 0,36 |
K ext | /(2×) | 2,826 | 2,775 | 2,793 | 2,786 | 2,789 |
A | /2 | -18,62 | -18,17 | -18,33 | -18,27 | -18,29 |
K | /(2×) | 3,153 | 3,101 | 3,119 | 3,113 | 3,115 |
t 0 | -7,68 | -7,59 | -7,62 | -7,61 | -7,61 |
|
|
( = = 12 ):
.
1 . 4.7, . 4.4.
( = = 12 ):
.
1 . 4.7, . 4.4.
: (tx > t ext) .