.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


Disjunctive question




:

→→ →

not

→ 䳺 →

: He is a good businessman, isn't he?

Pauline doesn't work as a manager, does she?

 

THE PLURAL OF NOUNS ʲ

 

-s,-ss,-x,-sh,-ch -es class - classes dish-dishes box-boxes buses / busses
-f(e)→ v(e) -es half - halves knife - knives leaf - leaves briefs, chiefs, sheriffs, roofs, safes,
+y y →i -s   baby - babies city - cities    
+   -s   boy - boys day - days
+   -es   hero - heroes potato - potatoes pianos, solos, tobaccos, photos
+ -s radios, rodeos
  man - men woman - women goose - geese foot - feet tooth - teeth mouse - mice child - children ox-oxen swine - swine deer - deer fish - fish sheep - sheep series series =
( ) -s book-books window - windows sea - seas chart - charts  

 

 

THE POSSESSIVE CASE ² ²̲

 

:

- 's [z] Nelly's room Manager's office
- 's [s] The student's answer
-s, -ss, -x, -g(e), -sh, -(t)ch - 's [iz] Jamess computer
- s - ' Clients' cards
- s - 's Children's rooms
- 's Mother-in-laws luggage

 

:

 

my friend's hotel
last week's tourist group
, , country, town, city, world, ocean, river England's hospitality the town's sights
: the sun, the moon, the earth the sun's rays, the moon's surface
government, party, army, crew, family, society the government's laws the club's members

 

 

THE PRONOUN

:

1. (personal pronouns)

2. (possessive pronouns)

3. (reflexive pronouns)

4. (reciprocal pronouns)

5. (demonstrative pronouns)

6. (interrogative pronouns)

7. (conjunctive pronouns)

8. (indefinite pronouns)

9. (negative pronouns)

10. (defining pronouns)

11. (quantitative pronouns)

 

Personal Pronouns

 

(Nominative Case) ᒺ (Objective Case)
I He - She - It - We - You - , They - Me -, Him -, Her - , It - , , , () Us - , You - , , , Them

 

Hestudies economics. We shall become economists
He saw me at the lecture. Lets ask him a question.

 

Possessive Pronouns

Conjoint form Absolute form
my his her its our your their mine his hers its ours yours theirs , , , , (-, -, -) (-, -, -) , , ,

 

What is your name? This is our institute.
Whose bag is it?- Mine. My pen didnt write and she gave me hers.

 

, .

.

He gave his answer only yesterday. ³ .

We took our things and went home. .

 

Reflexive pronouns

 

I you he she it myself yourself himself herself itself we you they   ourselves yourselves themselves  

( 䳺 ) You must be careful or you can hurt yourself. She bought herself a dress.
( //) The President himselfmust sign the document. I can see it myself.
oneself , one One should take care of oneself.

 

Reciprocal pronouns

 

: each other; one another.

 

(-) - each other; - one another They always listen to each other. All were looking at one another.

 

 

Demonstrative pronouns

 

 

this , , ; that , ; ; these ; those
such ; the same

 

Interrogative pronouns

 

: who, whom, what, which

Who - Who is absent?
Whom , Whom did you see there?
What , 1. , , . 2. , , .   1.What are you talking about? 2. What are you? I am a student.
Which , . Whichof these languages would you like to study?

 

Conjunctive pronouns

 

: who (whom), whose, what, which, that

who (whom) , ; whose ; , He is a person who set up this business. She is the writer whose books are bestsellers.
which , , ; . They answered the letter which they received a day before.
that , , ; . This is a company that was established by our grandfather.

 

 

Indefinite pronouns

 

some any one somebody, something, someone, somewhere, somehow anybody, anything, anyone, anywhere

 

some - , , ; -     1. ; 2. , why, where, when, ; 3. , .   1.He has some interesting ideas for a new project. 2. Where can I find some information on this topic?     3. Can you give me some advice? Will you have some more tea?
somebody- something - someone somewhere - somehow - Somebody left the book here Something has happened. Someoneis working there. Ive put it somewhere. Somehow I opened the door.
any 1. ; 2. -. 1. Are there any new ideas? He didnt propose any plan. 2. You can take any book you like.  
anybody anything anyone anywhere anyhow 1. ; 2. -, -, -, - 1. Can you do anything? We didnt see anyone there. 2. Anybodycan do this. Take your seat anywhereyou like. We cannot get there anyhow.
one , ; - One must keep ones word.

Negative pronouns

 

: no; none, no-one, nobody; nothing; nowhere; neither.

: , 䳺- .

no . There is no book there.
none ; no-one ; nobody ; nothing ; .     Nobody answered him. He met no-one there.   Nothing was done.
nowhere ; . We can find him nowhere
neither ( ); , 1) ; 2) ; 3) . I saw neither of them. Neither answer was correct.

 

Defining pronouns

 

: all; both; each, every; everybody, everyone; everything; either; another, other

 

All , , ; 1), 2) 1. All were present. 2. We worked all day.
Both - 1), 2) 1. Both were right. 2. Both boys were right.
Each (); 1), 2) 1. Each has a family. 2. He asked each boy.
Every () We have seminars every week.
Everybody, everyone , Everything - 1), 2). 1. Everybody (everyone) was present. 2. He did everything he could.
Either ; 1), 2), 3) 1. There are two variants. Eitheris good. You can choose either (variant).
Other , Another /; 1), 2), 3) 1.Others were absent. 2. Look at the other (boy). 3. Take othermagazine. Give me anotherexample

Quantitative pronoun ʳ

 

: many, much, more, most; few, fewer, fewest, a few; little, less, least, a little

Many- More Most - She asked many questions. More questions were asked later. He won most prizes.
Few - () Fewer Fewest A few , She has few friends and feels very lonely. They have fewer problems with this equipment. She has a few friends but she trusts them very much.
Much More Most - I spend muchtime on English.More time is spent on economics. Mathematics takes most of my time.
Little () Less   Least A little , We have little sugar. Dont forget to buy some. They spent less time on this task. This is the least I can do. We can make some coffee there is a little sugar left.

 





:


: 2015-10-01; !; : 424 |


:

:

,
==> ...

1471 - | 1450 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.066 .