11. Participial Construction .
1. There being a strong wind that day, it was impossible to go boating. 2. It being Saturday, everyone went out of town. 3. The novel completed, I was able to take a month's holiday. 4. Time permitting, they will discuss the matter tomorrow. 5. This being so, I should like to ask him to return next week. 6. He stood aside, with his hands in his pockets, watching her. 7. Dinner over, they went to the father's study. 8. This being done, they left for home. 9. The conference over, he returned to the office.
12. .
1. The next morning, it being Sunday, they all went to church. 2. For the moment the shop was empty, the mechanic having disappeared into a room at the back. 3. There being nothing else on the table, Oliver replied that he wasn't hungry. 4. Mrs.Maylie being tired, they returned more slowly home. 5. Their search revealing nothing, Clyde and she walked to a corner. 6. The wind being favourable, our yacht will reach the island in no time. 7. I had long tasks every day to do with Mr.Mell, but I did them, there being no Mr. and Miss Murdstone here. 8. It being now pretty late, we took our candles and went upstairs. 9. He being no more heard of, it was natural to forget everything. 10. He started about five, Riggs having informed him that the way would take him three hours. 11. Our horses being weary, it was agreed that we should come to a halt. 12. It having been decided that they should not go out on account of the weather, the members of the party were busy writing their notes. 13. The wind stirring among trees and bushes, we could hear nothing. 14. You can set your mind at ease, all being well. 15. There being no chance of escape, the thief was arrested on the spot. 16. Oliver knocked weakly at the door and, all his strength failing him, sank near the door. 17. The bridge having been swept away by the flood, the train was late. 18. There being little time left, they hired a cab to get to the theatre in time. 19. It being cold and damp, a fire was lighted for the weary travellers to warm themselves by. 20. It being pretty late, they decided to postpone their visit. 21. The hour being late, she hastened home. 22. The sun having set an hour before, it was getting darker. 23. The weather being cold, he put on his overcoat. 24. The weather having changed, we decided to stay where we were. 25. The weather being very warm, the closet window was left open. 26. And the wind having dropped, they set out to walk. 27. The vessel being pretty deep in the water and the weather being calm, there was but little motion. 28. The resistance being very high, the current in the circuit was very low. 29. This material being a dielectric, no current can flow through it.
13. .
1. This being understood, the conference was over. 2. The constraint caused by the old man's presence having worn off a little, the conversation became livelier. 3. This done, and Sikes having satisfied his appetite, the two men lay down on chairs for a short nap. 4. The concert being over, the lottery came next. 5. Dinner being over, the old lady asked Barbara to come and sit on the sofa near her. 6. Then, the house search proving that she was not there, Asa went outside to look up and down the street. 7. All the necessary preparations having been made with utmost secrecy, the army launched an attack. 8. The treaty having been signed, trade was at once resumed. 9. About eleven o'clock, the snow having thawed, and the day being finer and a little warmer than the previous one, he went out again. 10. Dinner being over, we assembled in the drawing-room. 11. The fifth of June arriving, they departed. 12. His directions to the porter finished, he came up to his niece. 13. The cathode heated, the electrons leave the surface and move to the anode. 14. Electrons moving through a wire, electrical energy is generated.
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14. .
1. They went down the stairs together, Aileen lingering behind a little. 2. He lifted the lid and kept it in his hand while she was drinking, both standing. 3. She danced light as a feather, eyes shining, feet flying; her body bent a little forward. 4. We walked very slowly home, Agnes and I admiring the moonlight, and Mr. Wickfield scarcely raising his eyes from the ground. 5. They walked quickly through street after street, the Dodgers leading. 6. He was standing there silent, a bitter smile curling his lips. 7. The dog sat close to the table, his tail thumping now and again upon the floor, his eyes fixed expectantly on his master. 8. Then they heard the noise of the plane, its shadow passing over the open glade. 9. She remembered him talking, his glasses magnifying his round blue eyes. 10. She sat staring into the fire, the sock forgotten on her knee. 11. He heard the bathers coming up the sandy road, their voices ringing through the quiet. 12. They continued their way, the boy sobbing quietly, the man ashamed. 13. The electrons move with varying velocities, their velocity depending on the temperature and nature of the material. 14. Any moving object can do work, the quantity of kinetic energy depending on its mass and velocity. 15. Radio was invented in Russia, its inventor being the Russian scientist A.S.Popov.
15. .
1. She stood listlessly, her head dropping upon her breast. 2.She rose from the bed and removed her coat and stood motionless, her head bent, her hands clasped before her. 3.Pale-lipped, his heart beating fast,Andrew followed the secretary. 4. Jack sat silent, his long legs stretched out. 5.The speaker faced the audience, his hand raised for silence. 6. He sat down quickly, his face buried in his hands. 7. Clyde sat up, his eyes fixed not on anything here but rather on the distant scene at the lake. 8. She hurried along, her heels crunching in the packed snow.
16. .
1. slowly and carefully spread the paper on the desk, with Lowell closely watching. 2.She was standing on the rock ready to dive, with the green water below inviting her. 3.Twenty minutes later he came out of number seven, pale, with his lips tightly compressed and an odd expression on his face. 4.Little Oliver Twist was lying on the ground, with his shirt unbuttoned and his head thrown back. 5. The girl wandered away, with tears rolling down her cheeks. 6.The moonlit road was empty, with the cool wind blowing in their faces. 7. She sat on the steps, with her arms crossed upon her knees. 8. Then, with her heart beating fast, she went up and rang the bell. 9. Little Paul sat, with his chin resting on his hand. 10. He stood, with his arms folded. 11. Lanny stood looking at the lorry rolling away, with his cheek burning and his fists clenched. 12. She stood there, with her brows frowning, her blue eyes looking before her. 13. He leant a little forward over the table, with his wrists resting upon it. 14. And then came the final moment, with the guards coming for him.
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17. , Absolute Participle Complex. .
A) Model: As the weather was fine, we went for a walk. The weather being fine, we went for a walk.
1. As my friend lives far from here, I go to his place by bus. 2. As the play was very popular, it was difficult to get tickets. 3. As it is rather cold, I put on my coat. 4. As his mother teaches English, he knows the language very well. 5. As her son was ill, she could not go to the theatre.
B) Model: As my brother had locked the door, I couldn't get into the room. My brother having locked the door, I couldn't get into the room.
1. As our teacher had visited India, we asked him to tell us about that country. 2. When the match had ended, the people went home. 3. As my friend had bought the tickets beforehand, we did not need to hurry. 4. After the sun had risen, we continued our way. 5. As his sister had broken his spectacles, he had to buy a pair of new ones.
C) Model: As the bridge was destroyed, we couldn't cross the river. The bridge being destroyed, we couldn't cross the river.
1. As all shops were closed, we couldn't buy anything. 2. As the road was being repaired, I couldn't go there by bus. 3. As the book was being printed, we hoped to get it soon. 4. As houses are built very quickly nowadays, we'll soon get a new flat. 5. As the waiting room was being cleaned, the passengers were not let in.
D) Mdel: When the work had been done, they went home. The work having been done, they went home.
1. When the house had been built, we got a new flat. 2. As the key had been lost, she couldn't get into the room. 3. As the road had been repaired, we could go there by bus. 4. When the waiting room had been cleaned, the passengers were let in. 5. As all the tickets had been sold out, we couldn't see the performance.
18. 䳺 . .
1. She opened the door and heard their voices speaking. 2. She found the old man and his granddaughter sitting at breakfast. 3.Antony saw his younger brother coming. 4. She had seen him reading it over. 5. I saw the mild eye of the good old doctor turned upon me for a moment. 6. That done, he felt almost obliged to leave the room. 7. And so often he overheard them discussing so interesting things. 8. Her heart beating, Mary hurried home. 9. I saw him going downstairs early in the morning. 10. Sorrowfully did Job return, neither Mrs. Wilson nor Mary having seen him. 11. He saw her sitting in bed, her golden hair floating behind her.
VI.
1. . .
1. Which month is longer: March or April? 2. Is Moscow larger than Minsk? 3. Which is the largest city in the world? 4. Which is the largest city in the United Nationals of America? 5. Is the Black Sea deeper than the Caspian Sea? 6. Which is the deepest lake in Russia? 7. When are days longer: in winter or in summer? 8. Which is the longest day of the year? 9. Which is the shortest month of the year? 10. When is it warmer: in April or in May? 11. When is it colder: in October or in November? 12. Which country is larger: England or the United Nationals of America? 13. Which is the largest country in the world? 14. Is literature more interesting than grammar? 15. Is chemistry more difficult than physics? 16. Which is the most difficult subject? 17. Which is the most interesting subject?
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2. .
Model: Nick is neither stronger nor weaker than Tom. Nick is as strong as Tom.
Tom is strong. Jack is stronger than Tom. Tom is not so strong as Jack.
1. The Dnieper is long. The Volga is longer than the Dnieper. 2. My room is neither larger nor smaller than his room. 3. This watch is neither better nor worse than that. 4. Snowdon is high. Ben Nevis is higher. 5. Paul is neither older nor younger than his friends. 6. It is warm today. It was warmer yesterday. 7. July is neither longer nor shorter than August. 8. I shall be busy tomorrow. Today I am busier. 9. This street is neither wider nor narrower than that. 10. This story is interesting. That story is more interesting.
3. .
1. Does Peter drive the car as carefully as Tom? 2. Does a taxi run as fast as a bus? 3. Did Jane speak as calmly as Helen? 4. Did you come as late as your brother? 5. Does Nick speak English as slowly as Peter? 6. Does Susan speak French as well as her mother? 7. Does Harry get up as early as his father? 8. Does Jack do his grammar exercises as carelessly as he did last year?
VII. -
1. , this (these). .
Model: This stadium is better than the stadium in our town. This stadium is better than that in our town.
1. Our flat is more comfortable than the flat of our neighbour. 2. The price of a motor car is higher than the price of a motor cycle. 3. The windows of our classroom are larger than the windows of our flat. 4. Though he is young, his face is like the face of an old man. 5. The sum of 5 and 7 is equal to the sum of 9 and 3. 6. These flowers are more beautiful than the flowers growing near our house.
2. , one. .
Model: The red pencil is sharper than the blue pencil. The red pencil is sharper than the blue one.
1. The new flat is more comfortable than old flat. 2. The white dress is as nice as the yellow dress. 3. The brown shoes are as dear as the black shoes. 4. The thin book has as many pages as the thick book. 5. The cotton dress is not so dear as the silk dress. 6. This film is more interesting than that film. 7. I dont like this coat. Show me another coat. 8. The shop assistant showed me two suits of different colours. I chose the blue suit.
V.
1. :
1. He opened the letter she had brought. 2. The house we live in is in the centre of the town. 3. He is not the man I am looking for. 4. What is the title of the film you have seen this week? 5. Where is the young woman we have just spoken to? 6. Thats the girt I want to invite to the party. 7. Here is the girt Bill wants to take to the pictures. 8. I dont like the weather we are having today. 9. I am sure the trip will be wonderful. 10. I hope III get some more letters from her. 11. I think she will go to the station to meet her friends. 12. He says he was at the cinema. 13. Do you think youll get a lot of presents? I am sure, I will. 14. I hope I shall be able to visit you and see the far-off land of Siberia during this summer. 15. I know you are fond of English. 16. I am sure you like films of this kind. 17. I dont think I can go and see this film. 18. It was the most interesting lecture Ive ever listened to. 19. You can take any seat you like. 20. Is there anything you want?
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2. :
1. Ive done all I could. 2. Theres nothing more I want to say. 3. I hope you are ready now. 4. I see you are feeling better. 5. He said he was busy. 6. I think its all right. 7. That is the young girl I often meet at the bus stop. 8. I want to talk to the boy my friend knows very well. 9. I think there are some pictures in that English book. 10. What is the title of the book you have read this week? 11. I am sure you cant get the book from our library. 12. I am not quite sure this picture is as good as that are. 13. I am glad you are with us again. 14. Its a pity you couldnt come. 15. The boy youve just talked to is my sisters friend. 16. This is the article my friend is going to read. 17. Where is the magazine Ive got today? 18. I dont understand the language they are speaking. 19. They say they have come from Kiev, the capital of Ukraine. 20. Tell them we shall read this book with pleasure. 21. I remember she lives somewhere in the north, does not she? 22. I am glad you have come. 23. Lets hope youll pass your examinations well. 24. This is the book I was telling you about.
IX.
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| If the weather is fine, we shall play outside. | , . |
| If you ring me up, I shall tell you something. | , . |
| If the weather were fine, we should play outside. | (; ), . |
| If you rang me up, I should tell you something. | (, ), . |
| If the weather had been fine, we should have played outside. If you had rung me up, I should have told you something. | (), . (), . |
1. , , I, II III . .
Model: If you (to be) free, I (to come) to see you.
If you are free, I shall come to see you.
If you were free, I should come to see you.
If you had been free, I should have come to see you.
If I (to see) her, I (to be) glad.
If I see her, I shall be glad.
If I saw her, I should be glad.
If I had seen her, I should have been glad.
1. If you (to be) busy, I (to leave) you alone. 2. If I (to live) in Moscow, I (to visit) the Tretyakov Gallery every year. 3. If I (to get) a ticket, I (to go) to the Philharmonic. 4. If I (to live) near a wood, I (to gather) a lot of mushrooms. 5. If my father (to return) early, we (to watch) TV together. 6. If she (to know) English, she (to try) to enter the university. 7. If my friend (to come) to see me, I (to be) very glad. 8. If mother (to buy) a cake, we (to have) a very nice tea-party. 9. If we (to receive) a telegram from him, we (not to worry). 10. If you (not to work) systematically, you (to fail) at the examination.
2. , : ) (II ), b) (III ). .
1. If I am not too busy, I shall go to the concert. 2. If no one comes to help, we shall be obliged to do the work ourselves. 3. If you put on your glasses, you will see better. 4. What shall we do if theyare late? 5. Will you be very angry if we don't come? 6. Will he be very displeased if I don't ring him up? 7. They will all be surprised if I make such a mistake. 8. If he doesn't come in time, shall we have to wait for him?
3. , 䳺 , . .
1. I should be delighted if I (to have) such beautiful fur-coat. 2. If it (to rain), we shall have to stay at home. 3. If he (to work) hard, he would have achieved great progress. 4. If it is not too cold, I (not to put) on my coat. 5. I (to write) the composition long ago if you had not disturbed me. 6. If he (not to read) so much, he would not be so clever. 7. If my friend (to be) at home, he will tell us what to do. 8. If he were not such an outstanding actor, he (not to have) so many admirers. 9. If you (to give) me your address, I shall write you a letter. 10. If she (not to be) so absent-minded, she would be a much better student. 11. If my sister does not go to the south, we (to spend) the summer in St. Petersburg together. 12. If they (not to go) to Moscow last year, they would not have heard that famous musician. 13. If you (not to get) tickets for the Philharmonic, we shall stay at home. 14. If you were not so careless about your health, you (to consult) the doctor.
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4. , 䳺 , . .
1. If she (to ask) me yesterday, I should certainly have told her all about it. 2. If you (to do) your morning exercises every day, your health would be much better. 3. If he is not very busy, he (to agree) to go to the museum with us. 4. If I (not to be) present at the lesson, I should not have understood this difficult rule. 5. If he reads fifty pages every day, his vocabulary (to increase) greatly. 6. If they (to know) it before, they would have taken measures. 7. If I (to get) this book, I shall be happy. 8. If you really loved music, you (to go) to Philharmonic much more often. 9. If you had not wasted so much time, you (not to miss) the train. 10. If you (not to miss) the train, you would have arrived in time. 11. You (not to miss) the teacher's explanation if you had arrived in time. 12. You would have understood the rule if you (not to miss) the teacher's explanation. 13. If you (to understand) the rule, you would have written the test-paper successfully. 14. If you had written the test-paper successfully, you (not to get) a "two". 15. Your mother (not to scold) you if you had not got a "two". 16. If your mother (not to scold) you, you would have felt happier.
5. , 䳺 , . .
1. If it (to snow), the children will play snowballs. 2. If I (not to know) English, I should not be able to enjoy Byron's poetry. 3. I (not to do) it if you did not ask me. 4. If men (to have) no weapons, would wars be possible? 5. You will never finish your work if you (to waste) your time like that. 6. If I (to have) his telephone number, I should easily settle this matter with him. 7. If I (to have) this rare book, I should gladly lend it to you. 8. The dish would have been much more tasty if she (to be) a better cook. 9. He never (to phone) you if I hadn't reminded him to do that. 10. Your brother (to become) much stronger if he took cold baths regularly. 11. If he (to be) more courageous, hewould not be afraid. 12. If the fisherman had been less patient, he (not to catch) so much fish. 13. If you (to put) the ice-cream into the refrigerator, it would not have melted. 14. If I (to know) the result now, I would phone her immediately. 15. If you had let me know yesterday, I (to bring) you my book.
6. , 䳺 , . .
1. If you (to ring) me up, I shall tell you a secret. 2. If you (to be) a poet, you would write beautiful poetry. 3. If he did not read so much, he (not to know) English literature so well. 4. If he (to come) to our house yesterday, he would have met his friend. 5. If he (not to pass) his examination, he will not get a scholarship. 6. If she (not to help) me, I should have been in a very difficult situation. 7. My father would have more free time if he (not to read) so many newspapers. 8. If only you had let me know, I (to go) there immediately. 9. If I were a famous singer, I (to get) a lot of flowers every day. 10. If you (not to buy) coffee, we shall drink tea. 11. If he is free tomorrow, he certainly (to come) to our party. 12. My brother would not have missed so many lessons if he (not to hurt) his leg. 13. If my friend (to work) in my office, we should meet every day. 14. If you spoke English every day, you (to improve) your language skills. 15. If you get a "five", your mother (to be) happy. 16. If she (to return) earlier, she would have been able to see him before he left. 17. If these shoes were not too big for me, I (to buy) them.
7. , 䳺 , . .
1. How slippery it is! If it (not to rain), it (not to be) so slippery. 2. I am glad I was able to attend the lecture yesterday. You (to be) displeased if I (not to come)? 3. Let's take a taxi to the railway station: we have very much luggage. If we (not to have) so much luggage, we (to walk). 4. Stop working and let's go inside: it is too dark. If the evening (not to be) so dark, we (to continue) the work. 5. I don't believe you: you only say that you want to know languages. If you (to be) really interested in languages, you (to study) them. 6. I am sorry that you do not read English novels; if you (to read) them, I (to lend) you some very interesting ones. 7. You say that you did not read yesterday's papers; if you (to read) them, you (to see) the announcement of Professor X's coming to our town. 8. He is not ill: if he (to be) ill, he (not to play) tennis so much. 9. He was not ill last week: if he (to be) ill, he (not to take) part in the football match.
8. . .
1. You did not ring me up, so I did not know you were in trouble. If.... 2. You left the child alone in the room, so he hurt himself. If.... 3. They spent a year in the tropics, so they got very sun-tanned. If.... 4. It rained heavily, so we got drenched to the skin. If.... 5. Why didn't you watch the cat? It ate all the fish. If.... 6. A huge black cloud appeared from behind the forest, so we had to turn back and hurry home. If.... 7. The travellers had no camera with them, so they could not take photos of the beautiful scenery. If.... 8. There was no sugar left, so we had to go to the shop late in the evening. If.... 9. This house is very nice and comfortable, but it is not very good for living because it is situated close to a chemical plant and the air around is very bad. If.... 10. He is an excellent specialist, but I cannot ask his advice because I am not acquainted with him. If.... 11. You cannot enjoy this merry evening party because you have a toothache. If.... 12. You know the material well enough, but you are very absent-minded, and that's why you always make many mistakes. If.... 13. We shall not go to see them because it is very late. If.... 14. Naturally she was angry, because you were in her way. If....
9. . .
1. always gets top marks in mathematics because it is his favourite subject and he works a lot at it. If.... 2. I did not translate the article yesterday because I had no dictionary. If.... 3. We lost our way because the night was pitch-dark. If.... 4. The box was so heavy that I could not carry it. That's why I took a taxi. If... 5. I had a bad headache yesterday, that's why I did not come to see you. If.... 6. The ship was sailing near the coast, that's why it struck a rock. If.... 7. He was not in town, therefore he was not present at our meeting. If.... 8. The pavement was so slippery that I fell and hurt my leg. If.... 9. They made a fire, and frightened wolves ran away. If.... 10. It is late, and I have to go home. If.... 11. I was expecting my friend to come, that's why I could not go to the cinema with you. If.... 12. The sea is rough, and we cannot sail to the island. If.... 13. He is busy and does not come to see us. If.... 14. The girl did not study well last year and received bad marks. If.... 15. He broke his bicycle and so he did not go to the country. If.... 16. He speaks English badly: he has no practice. If....
10. , , , "Iwish". .
1. I wish I (to know) Spanish. 2. I wish I (not to drink) so much coffee in the evening: I could not sleep half the night. 3. I wish you (to read) more in future. 4. I wish I never (to suggest) this idea. 5. I wish we (to be) at yesterday's party: it must have been very merry. 6. I wish we (to meet) again next year. 7. Don't you wish you (to see) that performance before? 8. They wished they (not to see) this horrible scene again. 9. The unfortunate pupil wished he (not to forget) to learn the rule. 10. I wish (to have) a season ticket to the Philharmonic next winter. 11. I wish I (to consult) the teacher when I first felt that mathematics was too difficult for me. 12. I love sunny weather. I wish it (to be) warm and fine all the year round. 13. I wish I (not to lend) Nick my watch: he has broken it. 14. I wish you (to send) word as soon as you arrive. 15. I wish (not to have) to do my homework every day. I wish you (to go) skiing with me yesterday: I had such a good time!
11. , "I wish". .
Model: It's a pity you are ill. I wish you were not ill.
