(natural monopolies) , , . . . , , , .
(market failure) , . .
(network externalities) , , , , , Windows.
, (nonrival good) , ; , , , .
(zero marginal cost) , , , () .
(nonexcludability) , . , . - , .
() (public or social goods) , . .
(peak and off-peak pricing) : , , . , , , .
, (public ownership), (nationalized) . 1980- , , . (privatized) ; - (public regulation) , , . , - , , , , .
(path dependency) , , . . , , QWERTY, , .