II. 3 4.
III. .
1. :
division [dɪˈvɪʒ(ə)n] n,
alimentary canal ()
gum [ɡʌm] n,
tongue [tʌŋ] n,
be composed of v,
cover v,
mucous [ˈmjuːkəs] adj,
membrane [ˈmɛmbreɪn] n,
taste-buds
swallow n, ,
soft (hard) palate [ˈpalət] ()
throat n,
uvula [ˈjuːvjʊlə] n,
tonsil
almond-shaped [ˈɑːməndʃeɪpt] adj,
release [rɪˈliːs] v, ,
phagocyte [ˈfaɡə(ʊ)sʌɪt] n,
destroy v,
bacterium n,
gland n,
secrete [sɪˈkriːt] v,
salivary [ˈsælɪvəri] adj,
saliva [səˈlʌɪvə] n,
sublingual [sʌbˈlɪŋɡw(ə)l] adj,
submaxillary [ˌsʌbmækˈsɪləri] adj,
jaw [dʒɔː] n,
cheek n,
send v,
duct n, ,
parotid [pəˈrɒtɪd] adj,
cut v,
change v, ()
remain v,
manufacture v,
tissue [ˈtɪʃuː] n,
health n,
2. B.
Text B. Oral cavity
The mouth is the first division of the alimentary canal. Important structures of the mouth are gums with teeth and the tongue.
The tongue is composed of a number of highly mobile muscles covered with mucous membrane that includes taste-buds. The tongue has two main parts: the tip, the very movable front part; and the root, the more or less fixed one. The tongue is very flexible. It is richly supplied with nerves and blood vessels. The tongue is essential to the production of speech, to the swallowing of food and to the sense of taste.
The soft and hard palate and salivary glands are in the oral cavity. The palate is the roof of the mouth. It consists of the hard palate in front, a bony structure covered with mucous membrane, and a soft palate, composed of nine small muscles, behind. The soft palate is a continuation of the soft tissues covering the hard palate. By changing the shape of the mouth, the soft palate is an important organ in the production of speech.
If you open the mouth, you will see the uvula. The uvula is a prolongation of the centre of the soft palate. It is the little grape of muscle tissue that hangs down from the roof of the mouth. It is part of the soft palate and an important organ for speech. On each side of the uvula there are tonsils.
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The tonsils are a pair of almond-shaped lymphoid-tissue masses in the back of the throat. Like all lymph tissue, the tonsils release phagocytes that destroy bacteria. Sometimes, however, they themselves become overwhelmed with infection and are chronically diseased. This inflammation of the tonsils, called tonsillitis, is usually evidenced by a sore throat.
There are four glands, salivary glands, which secrete saliva. Sublingual gland lies under the tongue and submaxillary in the neck under the jaw. The two largest, called parotid glands and its little auxiliary lie between the cheek and a flat muscle band. The saliva is sent to the mouth through the duct.
The functions of the teeth are obvious: to chew food and mix it with saliva, to aid speech, and to maintain the position of the jaws. The teeth are part of the digestive system. The food we choose to eat is cut by the teeth. The teeth get it ready for the stomach and intestines. If the teeth do their work well, the body is more likely to remain healthy, and if the body is healthy, the teeth are likely to remain strong.
3. , :
1) The mouth is a part of the digestive system. There are the teeth, tongue, and the salivary glands in the mouth. 2) The oral cavity is an oval-shaped cavity situated at the beginning of the alimentary canal. 3) The vestibule of the mouth is a space bounded by the lips and cheeks. 4) The lips and cheeks contain the mimic muscles. 5) The oral cavity is bounded by the hard and soft palate. 6) The mucous membrane covers the lips, and cheeks to the alveolar processes of the jaws. 7) Saliva has a direct influence on the teeth and provides an optimal level of metabolic activity in the body. 8) Saliva dissolves some of the solid substances so that they are brought in contact with taste buds which stimulate appetite. 9) There are three principal pairs of salivary glands in the mouth: sublingual, submaxillary, and parotid. 10) The salivary glands regulate the water supply of the body.
