. . , , .
, , () ( , ) . , , , . - .
() , , . .
. (+D Q) . (-D Q) .
Q h :
, (1.8)
Q tr , ;
Q inf , , ;
Q int , .
:
, (1.9)
, 2, 2, . 2.1;
, /2;
t , ;
text - ; - , ;
n , . 1.7 1 ;
b , ( ).
b:
.
( ) , , , , - - b= 0,1; , - b= 0,05;
|
|
.
, b= 0,015 .
.
V ³ 5 / b= 0.01.
( ).
1 b= 0.015.
:
- b= 0.21 ;
- b= 0.27 ;
- b= 0.31 ;
- b= 0.29 .
- , , .
, , :
Qinf = 0,278 × S Ginf c(tp text)k, , (1.10)
c , 1.005 /;
k , , : 0.8 1 ;
S Ginf , , /,
. (1.11)
1, R u 1 , , 2, , 2·/; A2, R u 2 , (R u 2 : 0.3, 0.47);
D1, D2 , , , , i ,
D i = g(H hi)(r ext r p) + 0,5 ρext v 2 (c ) k 1 int, (1.12)
- , , ;
hi - , , i ;
, - , , ; = 0.8; = -0.6;
pint - - , , (), ; int, , ; , , , 0.
k 1 , .
Q, () , [1]
, (1.13)
- ( ), , , 3/;
Af , 2;
ρ ext , /3.
|
|
, (1.14)
1 2 , /2, :
, ( 20 2 ) =17 /2;
( 45 2 ) =10 /2;
- 17 10 /2.
3. 2 . . .8. ( ) .
, 1. .1.3.
1.3
. | R r, 2/ | = 1 / R r, /2 | |
(. 2) | 3.52 | 0.284 | |
0.40 | 2.500 | ||
3.61 | 0.277 | ||
4.46 | 0.224 | ||
0.55 | 1.828 | ||
0.55 | 1.828 | ||
1.74 | 0.575 |
, 2. - 1.5´1.5(h) , - 0.7´2.1(h) . :
1- ( 2- ) h = 3.8 ;
2- ( ) h = 3.3 ;
3- ( 2- ) h = 3.55 .
, , ( ). .
, , , . , 25 .
b :
, , 0.1; 0.05;
( ) - b = 0,27 =10.65 .
, , :
D 1 = 9.81(10.65 2.7) (1.46 1.21) + 0,5×1.46× 4.32(0.8 (-0.6)) 0.5 = 28.9 ,
D 2 = 9.81(10.65 6.0) (1.46 1.21) + 0,5×1.46× 4.32(0.8 (-0.6)) 0.65 = 23.7 ,
D 3 = 9.81(10.65 9.3) (1.46 1.21) + 0,5×1.46× 4.32(0.8 (-0.6)) 0.65 = 15.6 ,
Dp :
D 1 = 9.81(10.65 4.5) (1.46 1.22) + 0,5×1.46× 4.32(0.8 (-0.6)) 0.5 = 23.9 ;
D 2 = 9.81(10.65 8.3) (1.46 1.22) + 0,5×1.46× 4.32(0.8 (-0.6)) 0.65 = 17.8 .
(1.14), 12 =17 /2.
|
|
, , (1.8), 17 . 1.4.
1.6
, .
: , - , , - - .
Q ., /2 /. 1 2 , . :
t = 105 ;
t = 70 ;
tint = 18 ;
( )
;
- 0,1 / (360 /);
- 1013 (101300 ).
. 2.3 2 , .
() , , Q.
( -D Q = Q), , .
, :
Q = q l + q l , (1.15)
q q 1 , / (. 2.2 2);
l l , .
:
, (1.16)
Q - , , .
N F :
, (1.17)
Q . - 1 2 , / (/2), . . 2.3 2;
Q - ;
- , (. 2, . 2.4);
, (. 2, . 2.4); .
Q
, (1.18)
|
|
j -
, (1.19)
D t - , ;
G , , /;
, , - , . 2.3 2.
D t :
, (1.20)
t . .
D t
, (1.21)
t t , ;
, (1.21)
D t , ;
b 1 , ( ) , (. 2.4 2);
b 2 , (. 2.4 2).
t , , , :
, (1.23)
SD t (.45 [6]);
SD t ;
S . (1.24)
, , :
; (1.25)
( a G )
. (1.26)
. 9.3 [6].
4. -140-108 . .
, Q = 1520 . .
, , (1.15) Q = 250,8 .
:
.
(1.21)
.
, , (1.25)
39.24 /.
(1.19):
.
(1.18)
.
(1.17):
,
( =1; 5¸10 =1).
1.7.
: ( ) . , .
, , , ( ).
, .. . ().
, . , , . , .
|
|
, , :
, (1.27)
- , , ;
- , , ;
- , , .
= 1,0; = 0,4.
:
) ;
) 1 2 ;
) 1 2 . :
(1.28)
S l , .
:
N ,
(1.29)
Qi - , ;
hi - i - , ;
b - 1 (. 10.4 [6 ];
b 1, b 2 - , (. 9.4; 9.5 [6]);
G . - , (1.25), /, b 1 b 2
(1.30)
,
, (1.31)
hi - , .
. :
; (1.32)
, (1.33)
l , ;
a ; 1 a = 0.2, 0.02.
:
, , ;
, , .
D t, ( 7 D t 45).
,
, /. (1.34)
d (1.30) , II.1 . II [6] V, / R. R .
D = R ´ l . (1.35)
, . II.10¸ II.19 . II [6] () . 2- (, ) .
V
, . (1.36)
Z . 2.5 2.6 2.
å(Rl + Z) D . 15%. 25%.
5. (. 13). t = 95; t o = 70C. . .
, 5 ( ).
, . .
19 , (l £ 30 R > 4 /). . (1.31):
0,64 Z 9,8 Z 3,0 (95 70) = 470,4 .
. 13.
, 5, S l = 75,5 . (1.34):
= 3,14 / < 4 /.
, . .
= 10 .
(1.27):
= 10000 +0,4 Z 470,4 = 10188 .
(1.34)
= 87,7 /.
(1.30) b1= 1,06 b2 = 1,10.
(. 1.5) , (. 11).
. . 2, . 212 [6] d , , . 1.5 V R. .
11.10; 11.11 11.12 [6] . 2.5 2.6 2:
1.
= 0,3 | |
= 3 | |
= 3,3. |
2.
d = 25 | = 9 |
d = 25 | =1 |
d = 25 | =0,6 |
=1 | |
= 11,6. |
3.
d = 25 | = 9 |
= 1,5 | |
= 10,5 |
4.
= 1,5 |
5.
d = 40 | = 0,4 ´3=1.2 |
6.
= 1,5 | |
d = 32 | = 0,5 |
= 2 |
7.
= 0,5 | |
d = 32 | = 0,5 |
d = 32 | =0,2 |
=1,5 | |
= 2,7 |
8.
d = 40 | = 0,5 |
9.
= 1,5 |
10.
dy = 32 | = 0,5 |
=1,5 | |
= 2 |
11.
= 1 | |
dy = 15 | = 0,6 |
dy = 15 | = 15,9 |
= 16,5 |
12.
= 3 | |
= 4 | |
= 0,3 | |
= 7,3 |
. 11.3 [6] Z. . 1.5.
5:
S(Rl + Z) = 9703,1 .
:
= 4,76 %, .
, 6. 1, 2, 11, 12, ..
=S(Rl + Z).1,2,11,12= 7,22 + 705,7 +646,5 + 14,6 = 1639 .
5.
:
1¢.
= 0,3 | |
= 3 | |
= 3,3 |
2¢.
dy = 15 | = 3 |
= 1,5 | |
dy = 15 | = 3 |
= 7,5 |
3¢.
dy = 15 | = 3 |
= 1,5 | |
= 4,5 |
4¢.
= 3 | |
= 4 | |
= 0,3 | |
= 7,3 |
. 11.3, . 235 [6] Z. . 1.5.
1.5