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AD = C + I + G + Xn
, , , () (I). .. , . , .
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, . , $100 ( , ..), .. DG = $100. . , , () (S), , . : , , , , , . (marginal propensity to consume - m):
m = D C/ D Y 0 < m < 1
(marginal propensity to save - mps):
mps = D S/ D Y 0 < mps < 1
( , ).
, m mps 1.
m + mps = D C / D Y + D S / D Y = (D C + D S) / D Y = D Y / D Y = 1
m mps (), , .
, 80% , 20% . , m = 0.8, mps = 0.2.
$100, - , $100, $80 $20 . $80, , $64 (80 × 0.8 = 64) $16 (80 × 0.2=16) . $64 ($51.2) ($12.8). :
D Y1 D G = 100
D D S
D Y2 80 20
D C D S
D Y3 64 16
D C D S
D Y4 51.2 12.8
(DY) :
D Y = D Y1 + D Y2 + D Y3 + D Y4 +...
, (m ), :
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D Y = D G + D G × m + (D G × m ) × m + (D G × m 2) × m + (D G × m 3) × m +
= D G (1 + m + m 2 + m 3 + m 4 +...)
( ) (m < 1), 1/(1 m ). :
D Y = D G × 1/(1 m )
:
D Y = 100 + 80 + 64 + 51.2 + = 100 × 1/(1 0.8) = 100 × 5 = 500
, 100 . 1/(1 m ) ( 1 multG, ):
multG = 1/(1 m )
- , , () () . : ( ) , .
. , . , ( ), .
() (), . . (, = ). , - . , , 100$, 100$. () (S). m = 0.8, 100$ 80$ (100 × 0.8= 80), 5 (1/(1 0.8) = 1/0.2 = 5), 100$ 400$ (DY = D × 1/(1- m ) = 80 × 5 = 400), 500$, 100$, .. . , ( 100, 80).
.
D Y = D × 1/(1- m ) (1)
젠 D = m × (D ),
D = - D ,
D = m × (- D ) (2)
(2) (1) , :
D Y = m × (- D ) × 1/(1 m ) = [- m /(1 m )] × (D )
[- m /(1 m )] . (1 mpc) , mps ( ), (- m / mps).
mult = - m /(1 m) = -m / mps
(- 4) (- 0.8 / (1 - 0.8) = - 0.8 / 0.2 = - 4).
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, , () () .
2 :
1) . ,
. , . 100$ (D = - 100) 400$:
D Y = - m /(1 m ) × (D ) = - 0.8/(1 0.2) × 100 = = - 4 × (-100) = 400
2)
. , , . , m = 0.8 , 100$, 500$:
D Y = D G × 1/(1 m ) = 100 × 5 = 500
400$:
D Y = D × [- m /(1 m )] = 100 × (- 4) = 400
100$, .. . , 1.
. . , ( ). , . ( , , , ). 100$, 100$. , 0.8, 80$
D = D × m = 100 × 0.8 = 80
5:
1/(1- m ) = 1/ (1- 0.8) = 5
400$:
D Y = D C × 1/(1 m ) = 80 × 5 = 400.
, , .. 100$, 80$, 500$, 400$.
. :
D r = D
:
D = D × m = D r × m
:
D Y = D × 1/(1 m ) = D r × m × 1/(1 m ) = [ m /(1- m )] × D r
, , :
mult Tr = m /(1 m) 蠠 mult Tr = m / mps
, () () .
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Р LRAS Р LRAS Р LRAS SRAS1
SRAS SRAS SRAS2
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