Message System, . Message IN/OUT (. ), .
. Synchronous Negotiation. , , Synchronous Data Transfer Request REQ/ACK. , . ( ). . . - , . , Request Sense Inquiry.
Wide Data Transfer Request. Bus Device Reset , . , .
SCSI , , . SCSI- , . (command descriptor block), Command. , Data. ; , ( ), , 10 12 .
SCSI Read. , . , , . , . Selection ATN#, Identify . Command Read. , Data IN, , Status Good. Message IN Command Complete, ( Bus Free). .
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, (Disconnect) . , Read, , , , Disconnect. , , , ( Reselect) Message IN Identify. , . , (, ), Save Data Pointer, Disconnect. , . , , Restore Pointers Save Data Pointers.
. . . , , . , , Search Data, , , . Read, . Linked Command Complete (, ), , . , .
. . , SCSI-1, (LUN) , , ( ) .
(tagged queue) SCSI-2 . I_T_L (--) 256 . , , I_T_L_Q, Q (queue tag). , .
, -, : , Head Of Queue Tag, . , Simple Queue Tag, , . , Ordered Queue Tag, . , . , , .
, . , , , , . .
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6
(Expansion Bus) : PC -, , . , , , ( ). (bus mastering) . ( ) ; , . , .
PCI; AGP. ISA , , , PC/104. PCMCIA PC Card Card Bus. LPC . . MCA, EISA, VLB [1, 2, 5].
, , . . , . PC. ; , ISA, PCI. ISA, , PCI . -, ISA, PCI . -, PnP.
. 6.1 PC.
6.1.
, /¹ | DMA | Bus-Master | ACFG² | , | |||
ISA-8 | 4 | 3 | - | - | 8 | 20 | 8 |
ISA-16 | 8 | 7 | + | - | 16 | 24 | 8 |
LPC | 6,7 | 7 | + | - | 8/16/32 | 32 | 33 |
EISA | 33,3 | 7 | + | + | 32 | 32 | 8,33 |
MCA-16 | 16 | - | + | + | 16 | 24 | 10 |
MCA-32 | 20 | - | + | + | 32 | 32 | 10 |
VLB | 132 | - | (+) | - | 32/64 | 32 | 33-50(66) |
PCI | 132/264 | - | + | + | 32/64 | 32 | 33/66 |
PCIX | 532/1064 | - | + | + | 32/64 | 32/64 | 33/66 |
AGP 1x/2x/4x | 266/532/1064 | - | + | + | 32 | 32/64 | 66 |
PCMCIA | 10/20 | + | - | + | 8/16 | 26 | 10 |
Card Bus | 132 | - | + | + | 32 | 32 | 33 |
¹ . 2 , .
² . ISA PnP , .
ISA, EISA PC/104
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ISA Bus (Industry Standard Architecture) , PC , XT 8 20 . AT 16 24 . , . 6.1, 2,54 (0,1 ). ISA-8 62- ( , ), ISA-16 36- ( , D). PC/104, PC, ISA . EISA 32- ISA , ISA.
. 6.1. ISA
ISA ( ) . - (Prototype Card), . , . , . , , .
- , ( ) -. ISA 8- 16- , - . UM (0000-FFFFFh). ISA-16 CMOS Setup 15- 16- ( 15 ). ISA - , 0-FFh ( ). PC 10- -, [15:10] . , ISA 100h3FFh. 12- ( 100h-FFFh). 10- , [9:0] 12- ( 10- 12- ). 16- EISA PCI.
ISA-8 6 , IS-16 11. PCI.
ISA-8 8- DMA. 16- 16- 8- .
. .
♦ - DMA. , , . , , , . , , .
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♦ IRQx DRQx . , , . . ( ) PC .
, , PnP.
ISA EISA . 6.2 6.3.
6.2. ISA-8, ISA-16 EISA
GND | 1 | IOCHK# |
Reset | 2 | SD7 |
+5 | 3 | SD6 |
IRQ2/9¹ | 4 | SD5 |
-5 | 5 | SD4 |
DRQ2 | 6 | SD3 |
-12 | 7 | SD2 |
0WS#² | 8 | SD1 |
+12 | 9 | SD0 |
GND | 10 | IOCHRDY |
SMEMW# | 11 | AEN |
SMEMR# | 12 | SA19 |
IOWR# | 13 | SA18 |
IORD# | 14 | SA17 |
DACK3# | 15 | SA16 |
DRQ3 | 16 | SA15 |
DACK1# | 17 | SA14 |
DRQ1 | 18 | SA13 |
REFRESH# | 19 | SA12 |
BCLK | 20 | SA11 |
IRQ7 | 21 | SA10 |
IRQ6 | 22 | SA9 |
IRQ5 | 23 | SA8 |
IRQ4 | 24 | SA7 |
IRQ3 | 25 | SA6 |
DACK2# | 26 | SA5 |
TC | 27 | SA4 |
BALE | 28 | SA3 |
+5 | 29 | SA2 |
Osc | 30 | SA1 |
GND | 31 | SA0 |
¹ B4: XT=IRQ2, AT=IRQ9.
² B8: XT-Card Selected.
6.3. ISA-16 EISA
D | ||
MEMCS16# | 1 | SBHE# |
IOCS16# | 2 | LA23 |
IRQ10 | 3 | LA22 |
IRQ 11 | 4 | LA21 |
IRQ12 | 5 | LA20 |
IRQ 15 | 6 | LA19 |
IRQ14 | 7 | LA18 |
DACK0# | 8 | LA17 |
DRQ0 | 9 | MEMR# |
DACK5# | 10 | MEMW# |
DRQ5 | 11 | SD8 |
DACK6# | 12 | SD9 |
DRQ6 | 13 | SD10 |
DACK7# | 14 | SD11 |
DRQ7 | 15 | SD12 |
+5 B | 16 | SD13 |
MASTER# | 17 | SD14 |
GND | 18 | SD15 |
ISA Intel ( 8080). ISA-8 . - .
♦ SD[7:0] . Data D.
♦ SA[19:0] (Addr[19:0], A[19:0]) .
♦ AEN ( DMA).
♦ IOW# (IOWC#, IOWR#) .
♦ IOR# (IORC#, IORD#) .
♦ SMEMW# (SMEMWR#, SMWTC#) ( 0-FFFFFh).
♦ SMEMR# (SMEMRD#, SMRDC#) ( 0-FFFFFh).
, .
♦ IRQ2/9, IRQ[3:7] . . , ( ) . IRQ2/9 XT 2, AT 9.
♦ DRQ[1:3] 8- DMA ( ).
♦ DACK[1:3]# 8- DMA.
♦ TC DMA.
, , .
♦ IOCHRDY (CHRDY, I/OCHRDY) , ( 15 ).
♦ BALE (ALE) . SA[0:19] .
♦ REFRESH# (REF#) ( XT DACK0#). 15 , .
♦ IOCHK# , NMI CPU ( 061h, 062h).
♦ RESET (RESDRV, RESETDRV) ( ).
♦ BCLK (CLK) 8 . , .
♦ OSC 14,431818 ( ).
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+5, -5, +12 -12 .
, 16-, , , .
♦ SD[15:8] .
♦ SBHE# SD[15:8].
♦ LA[23:17] , BALE. . , BALE.
♦ IRQ[10:12], IRQ[14:15] .
♦ DRQ[5:7] 16- DMA ( ).
♦ DACK[5:7]# 16- DMA.
♦ DRQ0 DACK0# 8- DMA, .
.
♦ EMCS16# (M16#) 16- .
♦ IOCS16# (I/OCS16#, IO16#) 16- .
.
♦ MEMW# (MWTC#) 16 .
♦ MEMR# (MRDC#) 16 .
♦ OWS# (SRDY#, NOWS#, ENDXFR) .
♦ MASTER# (MASTER16#) , 16- DMA . DACK[5:7] Bus-Master .
EISA ( ISA) 32 , , .
-, -. ( ) , . - ( ) ( ) . , , . - . 6.2. CMD* :
♦ SMEMR#, MEMR# ;
♦ SMEMW#, MEMW# ;
♦ IOR# -;
♦ IOW# -.
. 6.2. ISA
( ) , AEN . , , , AEN . SMEMR# SMEMW# MEMR# MEMW# , 0-FFFFFh. SMEMR# SMEMW# MEMR# MEMW# 5-10 .
: SA[19:0] SBHE# ; LA[23:17] , . , , , . , ( -) . , , , . LA[23:17] ( FFFFFh), -, BALE . , , , . - LA[32:17] .
(), () . , , , . 2n , n , . 2m , m , . n=m+1: n ( ) 2n-m-1 , - (alias). - ( ) K×2m+1, K . n , . , - 2n ( ), . , .
. IBM PC/XT , ISA 8-, . IBM PC/AT286 ( 386-SX) 16-, 32- 64- ISA 16- . , , . SBHE#, SA0, IOCS16# MEMCS16#. 16- IOCS16# MEMCS16# . IOCS16# , MEMCS16# . () , . 16- . 16- [3]. 32- , , , , (32 ). 16- 1 (A0=0) IOCS16# MEMCS16#, . 32- 2 (16+16), 3 (8+16+8) 4 (8+8+8+8) , . , ( ), ( , ), .
. 6.4 ISA -, . 16- OUT DX, AX ( DX , ; AL , ), 8- OUT DX, AL. ( ) 3 6 , , , , . 16- ( ), .
6.4. 8- 16- ISA
() | 1 | 2 |