, , , , , , .
, , , .
. , .
: , .
1837 .
1862 . ‑ J. P. Morgan & C
1869 . ‑ Olbany & Sascuehanna
1878 .
1892 . General Electric
1901 . Carnegie Steel . Federal Steel. US Steel
1913 .
(18391937)
, Standard Oil Co.,
. , , , . . ‑ : .
(John Rockefeller) 8 1839 . , , , , , . , , , , . , . : .
. , . : [] . , . .
1849 ‑ ‑, . , , . . , , . . [90]: , .
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12 , . , . , , , .
. .
1853 . 16 . . Hewitt & Tuttle, . , 26 1855 , .
: , , , 6:30 22:00. 50 . 5 , . : 6 % .
1856 . , , . Hewitt & Tuttle , , .
, , , . ,
1857 , , Clark & Rockefeller, . , . , 44 . , . , .
, , ,
1859 . . 1862 , , , , , . [91], , . 1863 Andrews, Clark & Co., , .
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1864 , . . : . . . , , . , . 1904 .
, . (), , . , . , .
, . 1871 . :
, , ,
. Standard Oil . , 22 26 . . , , ‑ . 1877 90 % . . , , . , , . , . , , , .
‑, . Standard Oil 1881 Atlantic Monthly. . : .
, , . : . . Standard Oil .
1882 , Standard Oil Trust. , 41 100 . . ‑[92].
, ‑ , , , . , . 1991 , , , .
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. Standard Oil , , , . . , Standard Oil . .
, , . , ‑
1890 . 1892 Standard Oil Trust. , . Standard Oil Trust , ‑.
1901 [93]. . . . .
. Standard Oil . : , , . , , , , .
1910 , . . , : , , ‑ . . . 1911 , Standard Oil . 34 , . , .
. , 1900‑ . , 1917 , Standard Oil.
1917 , , ‑ [94].
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. , : 1926 Standard Oil . 1927 Standard Oil .
, . . , .
. . , , . .
1918 (904).
1937 1,4 [95], 192 [96]. 16 6 , 6 , 9 , , .
1937 97‑ , , . , ‑ . 23 1937 .