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[2]Friedman, Milton, and Schwartz, Anna, 1986, Has Government Any Role in Money? Journal of Monetary Economics 17, 1986, pp. 3762

 

[3] . . , .

 

[4] , Public Choice, , , .

 

[5] , , , , 3%

 

[6]. . , 1992, , , , # 8.

 

[7]

 

[8] , , .

 

[9] , , 23 1993 .

 

[10]Klein ., 1974, The Competitive Supply of Money, Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking 6, 423-453

 

[11] : : : , 1996 . .

 

[12]Law, Legislation and Liberty: Vol. 1, Rules and Order, Rouledge & Keagan Paul, 1973; Vol. 2, The Mirage of Social Justice; Vol. 3, The Political Order of a Free Society

 

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[14] , , 500

 

[15] 1978, . 79-80

 

[16] , . .

 

[17] , (1986) , .

 

[18] .

 

[19] (1979), (1979) ( ) (HM Treasury, 1989) .

 

[20]

 

[21] , , , 1970 ., 1975 [Benjamin Klein, The Competitive Supply of Money, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking VI, November 1975] , .

 

[22] , ,

 

[23]W.Endemann [Wilhelm Endemann, Studien in der Romanisch-kanonistischen Rechtslehre, vol. II, Berlin, 1887],Vol.2,p.l71

 

[24]J. Bodin [Jean Bodin, The Six Books of a Commonweale (1576), London, 1606], . 176. , , , , , , , .

 

[25] ; . , (, 25.05.1976) , , - , .

 

[26]. [Adam Smithy Inquiry info the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776), Glasgow edition, Oxford University Press, London, 1976] . 40 . , , .

 

[27] .

 

[28] . . ; , , (Endemann [Wilhelm Endemann, Studien in der Romanisch-kanonistischen Rechtslehre, vol. II, Berlin, 1887], . 172. Knapp [G. F. Knapp, The State Theory of Money (1905), Macmillan, London, 1924], .: Mann [F. A. Mann, The Legal Aspects of Money, 3rd Edition, Oxford University Press, London, 1971].)

 

[29] ; c. VII

 

[30]. XVIII

 

[31]Vera C.Smith [Vera . Smith, Rationale of Central Banking, P. S. King, London, 1936]

 

[32], , F.A. Hayek, The Constitution of Liberty (Routledge &Kegan Paul, London and Chicago, I960), pp. 324 et seq.

 

[33] , e [Wemer Sombart, Der moderne Kapitalismus, vol. II, 2nd Edition, Munich and Leipzig, 1916/17], [Archibald Mison, History of Europe, vol. I, London, 1833] . . , , [Marianne von Herzfeld, Die Geschichte als Funktion der Geldwertbewegungen, Archiv fur Sozialwissenschaft und Sozialpolitik, 56/3, 1926]

 

[34]A.Nussbaum, Money in the Law, National and International (Foundation Press, Brooklyn, 1950), p. 53

 

[35]. On Chinese Currency. Coin and Paper Money (Willem Vissering, Leiden, 1877) Taper Money A Cycle in Cathay (Cordon Tullock, Economic History Review, IX/3, 1956), , .

 

[36]Nussbaum [Money in the Law, National and International, Foundation Press, Brooklyn, 1950] Breckinridge [Legal Tender, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1903]

 

[37]F.A. Mann, The Legal Aspects of Money, 3rd Edition, Oxford University Press, London, 1971, p. 38

 

[38]Milliangos V. George Frank Textile Ltd. (1975)

 

[39]Financial Times, 6 November 1975, : F.A. Hayek, Choise in Currency, Occasional Paper 48, Institute of Economic Affairs, London, 1976, pp. 45-4

 

[40] , , , , Nussbaum, Money in the Law, National and International, Foundation Press, Brooklyn, 1950, pp.5455.

 

[41]Lord Farrer, Studies in Currency, London, 1898, p.43

 

[42]Ibid., . 45, Locus classicus 110 1892 . [Carl Menger, Geld (1892), Collected Works of Carl Menger, ed. by the London School of Economics, London, 1934] Zwangskurs, ( ) , , , , , . . . 98-106 , . 101, Zwangskurs , , , , . 104, , , , , . . 102, , 19- , (-, ) legal tender .

 

[43]Ibid., . 47

 

[44]c. Nussbaum, Money in the Law, National and International, Foundation Press, Brooklyn, 1950, pp. 586-592

 

[45] 1922 . - . . , , , , , , , , 1/15000 .

 

[46]W.S. Jevons, Money and the Mechanism of Exchange, Kegan Paul, London, 1875, . 64, [Gasparo Scaruffi, Social Statics (1850), Abridged and Rev. Edition, Williams &Norgate, London, 1902]

 

[47]Ibid., p. 65. 1837 . .. ( ) [Hayek (later Lord Overstone), Further Reflections on the State of the Currency and the Bank of England, London, 1837], . 49: , , , , , , - , , . , , : , , , . , , , .

 

[48]Ibid., p. 82. , , , , ,

 

[49].: Hayek, Studies in Philosophy, Politics and Economics (Routledge &Kegan Paul, London and Chicago, 1967) Fetter, Some Neglected Aspects of Gresham's Law (Quarterly Journal of Economics, XLVI, 1931/2)

 

[50] , , , , , .

 

[51].: Bresciani-Turroni, The Economics of Inflation (1931), Alien &Unwin, London, 1937, . 174: , , , . - , , .

 

[52]

 

[53] 1582 . . (G. Scaruffi, Social Statics (1850), Abridged and Rev. Edition, Williams &Norgate, London, 1902)

 

[54]A.E. Feaveryear, The Pound Sterling, Oxford University Press, London, 1931, p.142

 

[55]H.Grote, Die Geldlehre, Leipzig, 1865

 

[56] , , ; , , , .

 

[57]G. Tullock, Taper Money A Cycle in Cathay, Economic History Review, IX/3, 1956, Competing Moneys, Money Credit and Banking, 1976; .: . Klein, The Competitive Supply of Money, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking VI, November 1975

 

[58] .: Nussbaum, Money in the Law, National and International, Foundation Press, Brooklyn, 1950, . 315; Tullock Taper Money A Cycle in Cathay, Economic History Review, IX/3, 1956, Competing Moneys, Money Credit and Banking, 1976; cp.: B.Klein, The Competitive Supply of Money, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking VI, November 1975.

 

[59]

 

[60]. XIII

 

[61].: Hayek, Studies in Philosophy, Politics and Economics, Routledge &Kegan Paul, London and Chicago, 1967, pp. 318-320

 

[62]. . , , . .

 

[63] !

 

[64], , ,

 

[65] [Stanley Fischer, The Demand for Index Bonds, Journal of Political Economy, 83/3, 1975], . , ( ) , , , ( ) . , , , , . . , , , , , , , , . , , , .

 

[66] , , , - , . , , , . , , . , , , ( , ). , -, ( ), , .

 

[67] , ,

 

[68] , , , , . . ( , , .), , - . , , , , . , ( , , ). , , , . , , , . , , . , , , . , , , . , , , .

 

[69] . . .

 

[70]

 

[71]

 

[72] [Carl Menger, Principles of Economics (1871), The Free Press, Glencoe, III., 1950], , , , . [62, . 9], , , . , , , , ( [8] 1901 .). , , , , , : , , . , , , , (.: L. v. Mises, The Theory of Money and Credit (1912), New Edition, Jonathan Cape, London, 1952, . 34 ff.). , , , - , , ; , ( ), -, , , .

 

[73] ,

 

[74].: J.R. Hicks, A Suggestion for Simplifying the Theory of Money, Economica, February 1935

 

[75], , (, Fritz Machiup, Euro-Dollar Creation: A Mystery Story, Banca Nazio-nale dellavoro Quarterly Review, 94, 1970, reprinted Princeton, December 1970, . 225).

 

[76] , . , , , , . . , , , , , , .

 

[77]overdraft , . .

 

[78] , XIII,

 

[79] , , .

 

[80] XVI

 

[81] , ; , , ; , , .

 

[82]. . Menger, Principles of Economics (1871), The Free Press, Glencoe, III, 1950, . 261: , , , .

 

[83] , , , , , , , , . , . , , , , , , .

 

[84] .

 

[85]W.S. Jevons, Money and the Mechanism of Exchange, Kegan Paul, London, 1875, . 11; c. , . 68 , , , .

 

[86] ,

 

[87], , , , .

 

[88], , , , , , , , - . , , , , , , 50 , , . , , () . , , , . ( ; , , , .) , , , , , , . , . , , , , .

 

[89]. XVII

 

[90] , , , , , .

 

[91], , , - .

 

[92], 45 [F.A. Hayek, Prices and Production, Routledge, London, 1931, . 3] , , , .

 

[93]

 

[94] , ,

 

[95]

 

[96] Keynes and the Classics, Occasional Paper 30, IEA, 1969 (7th Impression, 1981) .

 

[97]R.F. Harrod, The Life of Hohn Maynard Keynes, London, 1951, p. 513

 

[98] , , . , , , , , . , , , , , , . , , . , - , , , .

, , , , , , , . [F.A. Hayek, Studies in Philosophy, Politics and Economics, Routledge &Kegan Paul, London and Chicago, 1967], , (pattern predictions); , , , .

 

[99] [3, ]: , , ; , , , , .

 

[100] - 8 1977 ., - , , , - - . : , . , . , , . , . , , , , .

 

[101]M. Friedman, Monetary Correction, Occasional Paper 41, Institute of Economic Affairs, London, 1974, p. 31

 

[102]Ibid., p. 28

 

[103]

 

[104],

 

[105]F.A. Hayek, Law, Legislation an Liberty, Routledge &Kegan Paul and the University of Chicago Press, London and Chicago, vol. I, 1973, vol. II, 1976, vol. III forthcoming[31a], vol. 3

 

[106] Reason, IX: 34, New York, August 1977, p. 26

 

[107]. . .

 

[108]. . .

 

[109] XIII

 

[110]F.A. Hayek Monetary Theory and the Trade Cycle (1929), Jonathan Cape, London, 1933, p. 114 ff.

 

[111], ,

 

[112]F.A. Hayek, Uber Neutrales Geld, Zeitschrift fur Nationalokonomie, 4/5, 1933

 

[113]

 

[114] : V. . Smith, Rationale of Central Banking, P. S. King, London, 1936

 

[115] 1914 .

 

[116]. Chernuschi, Mesanique de L'echange, Paris, 1865, . L.v. Mises, Human Action, William Hodge, Edinburgh, 1949; Henry Regnery, Chicago, 1966, . 446; . : V.. Smith, Rationale of Central Banking, P. S. King, London, 1936, . 91

 

[117]inherent instability of credit , . .

 

[118]cp.: Lauchlin Currie, The Supply and Control of Money in the United States, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1934

 

[119]Walter Bagehot, Lombard Street (1873), Kegan Paul, London, 1906, . 160: , , , . , , . e , , , . , , e , .

 

[120] : .. Douglas, Social Credit (1924), Omnie Publications, Hawthorn, Calif, 1966; Silvio Gesell, The Natural Economic Order (1916), Rev. Edn., Peter Owen, London, 1958; Henry Meulen, Free Banking, 2nd Edition, Macmillan, London, 1934; H. Rittershausen, Der Neubau des deutschen Kredit-Systems, Berlin, 1932; 19291944 . (18791953) , - , . Flight from Inflation. The Monetary Alternative , -, .

 

[121] 20- , , .

 

[122] , , 91

 

[123], ,

 

[124] , .

 

[125]Otto Eckstein, Instability in the Private and Public Sector, Swedish Journal of Economics, 75/1, 1973, . 19: , , , , . . 25: ( , 19621972 .) , , , , .

 

[126] 30- , , , , , , 1929 .

 

[127]Otto Eckstein, Instability in the Private and Public Sector, Swedish Journal of Economics, 75/1, 1973, p. 26

 

[128], , ,

 

[129] . : Walter Bagehot, Lombard Street (1873) (Kegan Paul, London, 1906), . 142, ,

 

[130] : ,

 

[131] 1937 . [F.A. Hayek, Monetary Nationalism and International Stability, The Graduate School of International Studies, Geneva, 1937]. , , , . , , , , , - .

 

[132]p. Milton Friedman, Commodity Reserve Currency (1951), in Essays in Positive Economics, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1953

 

[133]F.A. Hayek, The Constitution of Liberty, Routledge &Kegan Paul, London and Chicago, 1960, . 324

 

[134]fiat money, . .

 

[135]Walter Bagehot, Lombard Street (1873), Kegan Paul, London, 1906, . 12

 

[136]R.I. McKinnon [ Optimum Currency Areas, American Economic Review, 53/4, 1963] Robert A. Mundell [ A Theory of Optimum Currency Areas, American Economics Review, 51, September 1963]

 

[137] , : Monetary Nationalism [The Graduate School of International Studies, Geneva, 1937], . . 43.

 

[138]-

 

[139]-

 

[140] XII

 

[141]in posse: , .

 

[142]in esse: , . . .

 

[143] 60

 

[144] , , , , , -, , .

 

[145]. XI XII

 

[146]Depositenbanken Spekulations-banken, - -

 

[147] , , , . , , , , , .

 

[148], ,

 

[149]F.A. Hayek, The Road to Serfdom, Routledge, London and Chicago, 1944, . 69, note

 

[150], , , , ,

 

[151] , -

 

[152] , ,

 

[153] , !

 

[154], ,

 

[155]Adam Smith, Inquiry info the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776), Glasgow edition, Oxford University Press, London, 1976, . 26

 

[156] , .

 

[157]Adam Smith, Inquiry info the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776), Glasgow edition, Oxford University Press, London, 1976, . 47. , , , .

 

[158] , John Porteous, New Statesman, 14 Jan. l977: 400 , - .

 

[159], . , . , . , . , , , - . , , . . , , . , . , , , , , . , . . , , , .

 

[160] , , , , , , - . , . , , , , 15- .

 

[161]

 





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