MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
FEDERAL STATE BUDGETARY EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTION OF HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION
TAMBOV STATE UNIVERSITY
named after g.r. dERZHAVIN
MEDICAL
PHYSICS
Series of Lectures
Permitted by the Editorial-Publishing Board of TSU named after G.R. Derzhavin as Course Book for Students Studying the Disciplines 060101.65 Medical Business, 010707.65 Medical Physics and Direction of Training 011200 Physics
Tambov 2012
Recommended for Publishing
By the Editorial-Publishing Board
Of TSU named after G.R. Derzhavin
Authors:
V. . Fedorov, .V. Yakovlev, S.V. Vasilieva
Reviewers:
Doctor of Medicine, Professor E. . Osmanov;
Doctor of Physics and Mathematics, Professor . . Shibkov
Medical Physics: Textbook / Authors: V.. Fedorov, .V. Yakovlev, S.V. Vasilieva; Ministry of Education and Science of RF, FSBEI HPE Tambov State University named after G.R. Derzhavin. Tambov: the Publishing House of TSU named after G.R. Derzhavin, 2012. 122 pp.
The textbook contains the short course on Medical Physics. It is intended for students studying the discipline Medical Business. The textbook will also be useful for students studying the discipline Physics, (profile Medical Physics).
Fedorov V.., Yakovlev .V., Vasilieva S.V.,
Drawing up, 2012
Ó FSBEI HPE Tambov State University
named after G.R. Derzhavin, 2012
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CONTENTS
LECTURE 1. 17
Mechanical properties of tissue. 17
1. Ways of deformation. 17
) tension. 17
b) shear. 18
c) bend. 18
d) torsion. 19
2. Types of deformation. 19
) creep. 20
b) relaxation. 20
c) strength. 20
d) destruction. 20
LECTURE 2. 22
3. Mechanical properties of biological tissues. 22
) osseous tissue. 22
b) derma. 22
c) muscular tissue. 24
d) angienchyma. 24
4. Lames equation. 24
Mechanical vibrations and waves. 25
5. Mechanical vibrations. 25
) self-oscillation. 25
b) oscillatory motion of human body while walking. 26
c) vestibular apparatus. 27
LECTURE 3. 29
6. Mechanical vibrations of heart 29
) ballistocardiography. 29
b) apexcardiography. 29
c) kinetocardiography. 30
d) dynamocardiography. 30
7. Vibrations. 31
8. Mechanotherapy. 32
9. Mechanical waves. 32
) energy characteristics of a wave. 33
10. Doppler effect 34
LECTURE 4. 35
Acoustics. Physics of hearing. 35
11. Acoustics, sound. 35
) acoustics. 35
b) characteristics of sound. 35
12. Psychophysical law (Weber-Fechner law) 38
13. Sound methods of research. 39
) auscultation. 39
b) phonocardiography. 39
c) percussion. 39
d) audiometry. 39
LECTURE 5. 40
14. Physics of hearing. 40
) outer ear 40
b) middle ear 41
c) inner ear 43
15. Binaural effect 44
16. Tympanometry. 45
LECTURE 6. 47
17. Ultrasound. 47
) biophysical effect of ultrasound. 47
b) Ultrasonic-therapy. 48
c) phonophoresis. 48
d) autohemotherapy. 48
Circulatory dynamics. 48
18. Liquid viscosity. 48
19. Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids. 49
) laminar flow. 50
b) turbulent flow.. 51
LECTURE 7. 53
20. Poiseuille formula. 53
) liquid resistance. 54
b) rhinomanometry. 55
c) photohemotherapy. 55
21. Physical basis of haemodynamics. 55
) pulse-wave. 56
22. Blood pressure measuring. 57
23. Heart as a pump. 59
LECTURE 8. 61
Electrography. 61
24. Physical basis of electrography. 61
) dipole in equiangular triangle. 61
b) current dipole. 61
c) types of electrography. 62
LECTURE 9. 63
25. Einthoven theory. Analysis of electrocardiograms. 63
26. Factors influencing on ECG.. 66
27. Assumptions of Einthoven theory. 66
LECTURE 10. 68
Electromagnetic waves and oscillations. 68
28. Electromagnetic oscillations. 68
) alternating electric current 68
b) electropulse. 69
29. Impulse electrotherapy. 70
) electrosleep therapy. 70
b) transcranial electric analgesia. 70
c) electrostimulation. 70
d) electropuncture. 70
30. Electromagnetic waves. 70
31. Physical prossesses in tissues. 72
under impact of current 72
and electromagnetic fields 72
) galvanisation. 72
b) electrophoresis. 72
LECTURE 11. 73
32. Impact of pulse currents. 73
33. Impact of high-frequency current 74
) diathermy. 74
b) punctual darsonvalization. 74
c) diathermocoagulation. 74
d) electrotomy. 75
34. Effect of alterning magnetic field. 75
) High-frequency therapy. 75
35. Effect of superhigh frequences (SHF) 76
) decimeter-wave therapy. 76
b) microwave (centimeter) therapy. 76
Magnet and electric fields. 76
36. Effect of magnet field. 76
) constant magnetic field. Magnetotherapy. 77
b) pulsed magnet field (pulsing magnetotherapy) 77