, : (), (), () : (), (), ()
q (Gross Domestic Product GNP) (Gross National Product GDP) . ():
= +
,
=
, () () , () () . ( , , ), ( , , ).
q (Net National Product NNP), , , , (). , , : =
, .
= ( ) + ( I net ) + ( G ) + ( X n ) |
= + + + + + |
q (National Income - NI) - , , .. . : ) , : = ; ) , :
= + + + + |
q (Personal Income - PI), , , . , , , .. , , , , :
= + + |
|
|
= + + + |
q (Disposal Personal Income DPI) , , .. . , ( , ) :
= |
(consumption - ) (saving - S):
= + S |
:
1) (personal savings) , :
S personal = ;
2) (savings of business), , ;
3) (private savings), .. , , .. :
S private = S personal + S business;
4) (government savings), ( ) , .
S government = > 0.
, , .:
= + + + + +
= + + .
=
5) (national savings), :
S national = S private + S government
6) (foreign sector savings) ( ) , , .. . , ( ) ( ):
S foreign = Im - Ex > 0
(, )
I = S private + S government + S foreign = S + (T G) + (Im Ex) |
. . , : , ; , ; ; : , , , , , .
|
|
, , , , , - . , , ) (GDP per capita), .. / ; ) (NI per capita), .. / . .
. , :
1) ( , , );
2) ( , , : , , , .);
3) ( 1 , , );
4) ( , , ..)
1972 ( ) , (Net Economic Welfare). , , (value of goods) (: , , ; ; , ..). , , (value of bads), (: , , , , , ..).