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( 7- International Association for the History of Psychoanalysis, Versailles, 20.7.2000 .)

Otto F. Kernberg. Recent developments in the technical approaches of English language psychoanalytic schools

Summary. The three major approaches to psychoanalytic technique among English-speaking analysts are the traditional Kleinian one, the ego psychology point of view, and the theory of the British Independents. This paper describes the development of these approaches and shows how their cross-fertilization during the past thirty years has affected them. By contrasting them with the French mainstream, it is suggested how each of them may be flawed or incomplete. If the trend towards mutual modifications of previously hotly defended differences continues, one may expect a convergence between the French and English schools to take place over the years to come.

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