We, the Heads of State or Government of the States participating in the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, have assembled in Paris at a time of profound change and historic expectations. The era of confrontation and division of Europe has ended. We declare that henceforth our relations will be founded on respect and cooperation.
Europe is liberating itself from the legacy of the past. The courage of men and women, the strength of the will of the peoples and the power of the ideas of the Helsinki Final Act have opened a new era of democracy, peace and unity in Europe.
Ours is a time for fulfilling the hopes and expectations our peoples have cherished for decades: steadfast commitment to democracy based on human rights and fundamental freedoms; prosperity through economic liberty and social justice; and equal security for all our countries.
The Ten Principles of the Final Act will guide us towards this ambitious future, just as they have lighted our way towards better relations for the past fifteen years. Full implementation of all CSCE commitments must form the basis for the initiatives we are now taking to enable our nations to live in accordance with their aspirations.
Human Rights, Democracy and Rule of Law
We undertake to build, consolidate and strengthen democracy as the only system of government of our nations. In this endeavour, we will abide by the following:
Human rights and fundamental freedoms are the birthright of all human beings, are inalienable and are guaranteed by law. Their protection and promotion is the first responsibility of government. Respect for them is an essential safeguard against an over-mighty State. Their observance and full exercise are the foundation of freedom, justice and peace.
We affirm that, without discrimination, every individual has the right to:
- freedom of thought, conscience and religion or belief,
- freedom of expression,
- freedom of association and peaceful assembly,
- freedom of movement;
no one will be:
- subject to arbitrary arrest or detention,
- subject to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment;
everyone also has the right:
- to know and act upon his rights,
- to participate in free and fair elections,
- to fair and public trial if charged with an offence,
- to own property alone or in association and to exercise individual enterprise,
- to enjoy his economic, social and cultural rights.
Full respect for these precepts is the bedrock on which we will seek to construct the new Europe.
Our States will cooperate and support each other with the aim of making democratic gains irreversible.
Economic Liberty and Responsibility
Economic liberty, social justice and environmental responsibility are indispensable for prosperity.
Preservation of the environment is a shared responsibility of all our nations. While Supporting national and regional efforts in this field, we must also look to the pressing need for joint action on a wider scale.
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Friendly Relations among Participating States
Now that a new era is dawning in Europe, we are determined to expand and strengthen friendly relations and cooperation among the States of Europe, the United States of America and Canada, and to promote friendship among our peoples.
To uphold and promote democracy, peace and unity in Europe, we solemnly pledge our full commitment to the Ten Principles of the Helsinki Final Act.
The original of the Charter of Paris for a New Europe, drawn up in English, French, German, Italian, Russian and Spanish, will be transmitted to the Government of the French Republic, which will retain it in its archives. Each of the participating States will receive from the Government of the French Republic a true copy of the Charter of Paris.
The text of the Charter of Paris will be published in each participating State, which will disseminate it and make it known as widely as possible.
The Government of the French Republic is requested to transmit to the Secretary-General of the United Nations the text of the Charter of Paris for a New Europe which is not eligible for registration under Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations, with a view to its circulation to all the members of the Organization as an official document of the United Nations.
The Government of the French Republic is also requested to transmit the text of the Charter of Paris to all the other international organizations mentioned in the text.
Wherefore, we, the undersigned High Representatives of the participating States, mindful of the high political significance we attach to the results of the Summit Meeting, and declaring our determination to act in accordance with the provisions we have adopted, have subscribed our signatures below:
Done at Paris, on 21 November 1990.
ASSIGNMENTS
I. Read the text and answer the checkup questions.
1. What is the way of setting up international and regional organizations?
2. When was the United Nations Charter drawn up? 3. When is the United Nations Day celebrated? 4. What does the Charter reflect? 5. What is binding on all members of the international community? 6. What capacity has the UNO steadily developed? 7. What is the role of the UNO in world affairs today?
II. Complete the following sentences using the required information from the above text.
1. The international organizations thus established themselves become capable of.... 2. They deliberated on the basis of proposals.... 3. The Charter specifies.... 4. The Charter defines.... 5. The obligations of states as stipulated in the UN Charter have.... 6. The United Nations has often been called upon .
III. Suggest the English for:
1) ; 2) ; 3) ; 4) ; 5) ; 6) ; 7) ; 8) ; 9) .
IV. Fill in each blank with the suitable word or phrase from the text.
1. The term... was used first in connection with the basis... of the
League of Nations. 2. The term... denotes a multilateral treaty establishing
a comprehensive international organization, namely the United Nations.
3. The... creating the United Nations specialized agencies can all be regarded as multipartite agreements between states and are known as their 4. The... of the International Court of Justice is an integral part of the United Nations.... 5. The intergovernmental agencies are separate, autonomous organizations related to the United Nations by special.... 6. In the absence of the..., GATT stands as the only international instrument laying down trade rules accepted by nations responsible for most of the worlds trade.
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V. Study the text in exhibit 17, point out words and phrases pertaining to the formal style.
VI. Memorize the phrases below. Suggest their Russian equivalents.
l) an inalienable right; 2) legitimate aspirations; 3) in pursuit of the purposes; 4) upon receipt of the instruments of ratification; 5) to accede to the Charter; 6) to be entitled to become a Member of the Organization; 7) to declare ones adherence to the principles; 8) to enjoy equal rights; 9) to have equal duties; 10) to notify smb of ones intention; 11) to reinforce the links (between).
VII. Study the use of italicized words in different phrases, suggest their Russian equivalents.
CAPACITY
a document certifying ones ≈; an international ≈ to act; treaty-making ≈; in a consultative ≈; in the ≈ of ambassador; in the consular ≈; in ones individual (personal) ≈; in ones ≈ as depositary of conventions.
PRIORITY
first ≈; high ≈ measures; ≈ message; ≈ right; on a ≈ basis; of high ≈; to establish an order of ≈; to observe the rules of ≈.
VIII. Decipher the following Latin abbreviation consulting Appendix if necessary.
ab init.; a. c.; a. d.; A. D.; Ad int. (a. i.); a. f.; a. m.; p. m.
IX. Substitute the English equivalents for the Russian expressions in brackets consulting Appendix if necessary.
1. () that a number of countries are unable to participate effectively in...; 2. () of the fact that eight more scientific projects are due to be launched...; 3. (, ) the establishment of a new international order...; 4. () of the need to denounce apartheid as a crime against humanity
5. () the need for deliberate efforts by Member States
6. (, ) the Purpose of Unesco is to contribute to peace...; 7. () by the intransigence shown by the racist regime of South Africa
X. Translate into Russian taking note of the phrases in bold type.
1. It decided that the Committee shall meet whenever necessary. 2. The next Medium-Term Plan should be based as far as possible on the previous Plan. 3. Despite difficulties connected with the intensification of inflation it proved possible to carry out the programme in full. 4. The draft Plan should, wherever possible, include a number of options. 5. He noted the need to provide instructions in the mother tongue, followed if required by the teaching of a second language. 6. In such circumstances the Conference may grant to the former Director-General such indemnity as it deems proper. 7. The amendments should be made where appropriate.
XI. Study the following table, mind the use of the Oblique Moods and modal phrases.
Model 1. Itwas decided that any amendment (should) be approved by at least two-thirds of Member States.
Model 2. They expressed the hope that all Member States (should) ratify the Charter.
| It is/was | advised agreed asked considered decided proposed recommended requested suggested urged |
that | smb | should could might | do |
smth |
| Smb | considered it desirable (possible, necessary, etc.) expressed the hope (desire/wish, etc.) made a proposal (recommendation, etc.) | smth | should could might | be done |
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XII. Translate into English.
1. , , - . 2. , , . 3. - . 4. , . 5. , ,
XIII. Translate into Russian taking note of the words and phrases in bold type.
1. Membership in the United Nations is open to all peace-loving nations which accept the obligations of the United Nations Charter and, in the judgement of the Organization are able app, willing to carry out these obligations. 2. The original Members of the United Nations are those countries which signed the Declaration by United Nations of 1 January 1942, or took part in the San Francisco Conference, and which signed and ratified the Charter. 3. Other countries can be admitted by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council. 4. Members may be suspended from the exercise of the rights and privileges of membership or expelled by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council. 5. They maybe suspended if the Security Council is taking enforcement action against them or expelled if they persistently violate the principles of the Charter. 6. The Security Council can restore the rights of a suspended Member-State. 7. Just as the world has greatly changed since 1945, so has the United Nations but the goal of the peaceful world still remains the paramount aim of the United Nations.
XIV Translate into Russian deciphering the abbreviations. Consult Appendix II if necessary.
1. A number of documents for presentation to UNCSTD were prepared by UNESCO. 2. The Office has traditionally been associated with IBRD. 3. It worked in close cooperation with ESC. 4. He pointed out that the General Information Programme, which included UNISIST, was the main component of the activities. 5. The Director-General of WIPO had informed the Director-General of UNESCO that he did not have any comments to make. 6. Close cooperation with other United Nations programmes such as UNICEF, WFP, UNFPA, UNEP and UNFDAC continued in 1994-1995. 7. An ad hoc inter-agency meeting was held at UNESCO Headquarters in April 1997 with the participation of tile following agencies: UNDP, WHO, ILO, UNICEF, UNEP, WFP, FAO and WMO.
XV. Translate the following into English making use of the suggested words and phrases.
(amendmentsto) (tocomeintoforce) , (tobeadopted) , (permanent) .
(sofar) (torelateto) (membership)
. , 23 27 1963 1965 . 23 (toprovide) 11 15. (amended) 27 (tosetforth), (onproceduralmatters) , ( ), ( - ), (concurring) .
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XVI. Study the following text taking note of its syntactic and stylistic peculiarities. Use it for translation.
CHARTER OF THE UNITED NATIONS
WE, THE PEOPLES OF THE UNITED NATIONS, DETERMINED
to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind, and
to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, and
to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained, and
to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,
AND FOR THESE ENDS to practice tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbours, and
to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, and
to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, and
to employ international machinery for the promotion of the economic and social advancement of all peoples,
HAVE RESOLVED TO COMBINE OUR EFFORTS
TO ACCOMPLISH THESE AIMS.
Accordingly, our respective Governments, through representatives
assembled in the city of San Francisco, who have exhibited their full powers found to be in good and due form, have agreed to the present Charter of the United Nations and do hereby establish an international organization to be known as the United Nations.
XVII. Précis the following text in English in about one-third of its size.
. : ?
. . 178 . . , . . , - .
. , , .
. -. , - . , , , , , .
- .
XVIII. Write a draft Charter of an international organization using the information below. See also exhibit I 7and tables 12 and 13.
Establishment of the Organization:
at the Conference in Rome to be held under the auspices of the UNO
in l9____.
Objectives. to promote the exchange of information and specialists in the field of documentary films production.
Main Bodies: the Assembly, the Secretariat, Specialized Commissions.
Membership: 12 states. The area of operation is supposed to be the European continent.
Finance: the contributions by the contracting governments.
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The Headquarters: in Rome.
XIX. Speak on the style and composition of the UN charter as a unique instrument of international relations.
Table 12
