i We use adverbs of frequency and expressions of frequency with the present simple to say how often we do things:
He often arrives at the office at 7 oclock.
He sometimes finishes at 11 p.m.
How often does he get up early?
He always gets up early.
ii Adverbs of frequency often go:
- before the main verb: Karla sometimes works from home.
- after the verb to be: I am always at work before 9.00 a.m.
never sometimes often usually always
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iii For emphasis, usually, generally, often and sometimes can go at the beginning of a sentence.
Sometimes, I dont like my job.
Generally, we take clients out to a good restaurant.
iv Expressions of frequency go at the beginning or the end of a sentence, not in the middle:
Two nights a week, he works late at the office.
He works from home once a month.
v We use question words such as what, who, when, where, why, how, how often to ask for information:
| Question word | do or does | subject | verb phrase |
| What | do does | you he/she | do? |
| When | do does | I the train | go? leave? |
| Where | do does | they Malika | come from? |
| Why | do does | you he / she | need two tickets? want a new telephone? |
| How | do does | you it | spell enough? work? |
| How often | do does | they it | travel abroad? rain? |
ASSIGNMENTS
A Write the words in brackets in the correct place in these sentences.
1 She gets up early. (usually)
2 They start their first meeting at 9 oclock. (always)
3 We are late for meetings. (never)
4 I am busy in the afternoon. (often)
5 The office closes at 3 p.m. (sometimes)
B Complete the expressions of frequency below. Use the words from the box.
| three then twice Sunday week time |
1 from to time 3 once a . 5 every .
2 now and .. 4 .. a month 6 . times a week
C Read these pairs of sentences. Cross out the incorrect words.
1 a) He reads the papers every day.
b) He always / sometimes reads the papers.
2 a) We eat in the company cafeteria four times a week.
b) We usually / sometimes eat in the company cafeteria.
3 a) I work late once a month
b) I usually / sometimes work late.
4 a) The managers dont go to business dinners at the weekend.
b) The managers never / sometimes go to business dinners at the weekend.
5 a) The company director travels on business twice a week.
b) The company director always / often travels on business.
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D An interviewer asks people from different countries about their typical day. Match the questions with
the answers.
Rodolfo (Mexican)
| 1) What do you do when you get to work? | a) I usually have lunch at home because its close to my work. |
| 2) Where do you have lunch? | b) I go to Italy once a month to meet customers. |
| 3) How often do you travel on business? | c) I always check my e-mail. |
Isabel (Swiss)
| 1) What do you do when you get to work? | a) I often have a sandwich at my desk. |
| 2) Where do you have lunch? | b) I usually look in my diary. Then I have a coffee. |
| 3) How often do you travel on business? | c) I never travel on business. |
Sigrid (Austrian)
| 1) What do you do when you get to work? | a) I usually have lunch in the cafeteria with my colleagues. |
| 2) Where do you have lunch? | b) I always say hi to my colleagues. Then I check my-e-mails. |
| 3) How often do you travel on business? | c) Twice a year I go to sales conferences in Europe and the US. |
E Read the article. Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
CARLOS GHOSN, SUPERSTAR
Many people in Japan ________1 (think) Carlos Ghosn is a superstar. But Ghosn _______ 2(to be/ not) a rock star or a football player, he is the CEO and President of two of the worlds biggest car makers: Renault and Nissan. He is also on the board* of Alcoa, Sony and IBM. He is one of the worlds great business leaders.
He was born in Brazil, but his parents __________3 (to be) Lebanese. He __________4 (speak) five languages fluently and he ___________5 (know) some Japanese, too. He ________6 (travel) all the time because he __________7 (work) in Paris and in Tokyo. His schedule* * is very tight: he attends meetings, visits plants and dealerships***, and meets international customers. When he ________8 (have) time, he also __________9 (go) to car shows. Some people call him 7/11 because he often _________10 (arrive) at the office at 7 oclock in the morning and sometimes __________11 (finish) at 11 p.m. He gets up early every day and __________12 (work)over 70 hours a week.
But it is not all business for Ghosn. He __________13 (not/work) at weekends. He _______14 (make) time for his wife, Rita, and their four children. They __________15 (spend) time together and ________16 (enjoy) their hobbies. They _________17 (live) in France, but his elder daughter, Caroline, ___________18 (study) at Stanford University.
on the board *-
schedule ** - ,
dealerships *** - , ()
D Make up 7-8 questions of different types on the text.
TEXT B
1 Study this vocabulary and definitions and think of Russian equivalents:
to manufacture to make or produce large quantities of goods to be sold, using machinery
manufacture a company or industry that makes large quantities of goods
to compete to try to be more successful than another person or organization, especially in business
competitor a person, team, company etc that is competing with another
to own to have something when it is legally yours, especially because you have bought it, been given it
to sponsor to give money to a sports event, theatre etc
to publish to arrange the writing, production and sale of a book, magazine etc
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employee someone who is paid to work for someone else
employer a person, company, or organization that employs people
profit money that you get by selling things or doing business
loss the fact of no longer having something you used to have
turnover the amount of business done in a particular period, measured by the amount of money earned
retailer someone who sells things in a shop
to owe to have to give someone back money that they have given you
2 Listen to the text with your book shut. Try to understand as much as you can. Then write down the information.
Edouard Michelin
Activity
Employees
Location
Products
Major markets
Main competitors
Advertising
Edouard Michelins family
3 Read and translate the text. Pay especial attention to the words in bold.
Michelin is a famous old family company with a dynamic young chairman. Edouard Michelin is the great grandson of the founder of this company, which is based in Clermont Ferrand in the centre of France.
Michelin manufactures tyres* and sells them all over the world. The company employs about 120,000 people and has annual sales of over 14 billion. Goodyear and Firestone are Michelins main competitors. Edouard Michelin manages the company using modern methods. At the moment, Michelin supplies tyres to the BMW Williams team. The company has two main markets, Europe and the USA, but it plans to develop the Asian market. In the USA it owns the Uniroyal company. It advertises a lot on TV and in magazines and sponsors racing events. It also publishes the famous Michelin guidebooks. Edouard Michelin and his wife have five children and live just outside Clermont Ferrand.
tyres* (UK tyres, US tires)- ,
4 Shut the book and listen to the text. You should understand the text completely.
5 Choose the correct word to complete the sentences below.
1 Michelin is a tyre fabric / manufacturer / product.
2 There are over 120,000 employs / employees / employers.
3 It has profit / loss / turnover of over 14 billion.
4 The company / society / factory has a young chairman.
5 Michelin is BMW Williams tyre buyer / retailer / supplier.
6 Michelin gets / owes / owns Uniroyal.
7 Michelens head office / head hunter / head room is in Clermont Ferrand.
8 Its main competes / competitors / competitive are Goodyear and Firestone.
6 Person B works for Michelin. He is talking about his job. Complete the dialogue.
A: Who do you work for?
B: 1
A: Is that a French company?
B: . 2
A: Where .?3
B: It is based in Clermont Ferrand.
A: What does the company do?
B: 4
A: How many .. does .?5
B: About 120,000.
A: Where .. you ?6
B: We advertise on TV, in magazines, and at motor racing events.
A: .7 Clermont Ferrand?
B: No, I dont. I work in the United States.
A: What ?8
B: Im an engineer.
7 Speak about Michelin the famous tyre manufacturing company.
