: -; ; . : , ; ; ; . | . . . . . | . . |
. , , . (direct exporting), .. , . . , , .. (retailing). (wholesaler) . .
(indirect exporting), .. . -, , , , , , , , , .
(joint activity, cooperation). () - . , , . , - - . :
1. . (international licensing). / , , [6]. (franchising) , (franchiser) (franchisee) / , - , . , , - . , .
|
|
2. (contract manufacturing) , (). . , .
3. . - , . , , . . , , , , . , .
. (outsourcing), , , , , , , . , . , , , . Gartner, [7].
4. (joint venture), (joint equity venture JEV. , . , , .
|
|
, . . , , .
(direct foreing investment). . , , , , .
:
1. , , , ..
2. , -.
3. , , , .
4. , , , .
4. . , , , , (marketing mix) . : , , .
, (standardized marketing mix) , :
;
;
;
;
;
.
, , (individualized marketing mix), .. () , . , , . , , .
() :
, , ;
|
|
, ;
;
;
;
( ) ( , ).
, .
5. . . , ( , , ) , , ().
. , . , , . , .
. . , , , .. , , .
(). . , . . , , . - , , , , .
, , . , , , .