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1980- .




 

1940- . , , . American Psychologist ( 1981) , , , .

. , - , . , . . , : MMPI, WAIS, - , , WISC, , , . 1935 1982 . .

 

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2
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4
5
6
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8
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10
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12

 

() - (). 15 , . , . , , , IQ. . , , ().

? , 20- (Spruill, 1987). - , , , 16, 15. , . - , IQ-. , , , , , , .

. WAIS (WAIS-R, 1981). Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI- R) 1989 . 1700 3 7 3 , , , .

, . (Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, 1983) . , . , , .

1980- ., , , 1982 1989 . (Advances in The Psychology of Human Intelligence). , , , , , , , , , . , , , , , . . (Human Intelligence International Newsletter, 1980-1987), , . : , (Ability Testing: Uses, Consequences, and Controversies, 1982). , . , .

. 1989 . MMPI-2. MMPI, MMPI-2 - . MMPI-2. , 15 , , , ( 27 ). . . MMPI-2 . , MMPI , , . , : , , . , , , . 1930- . 9% , XX . . 49 % ! MMPI-2 14 % .

. , (, 1980), , , , . , (. , 1930- . . ), . -, (1976), , : . , (1985).

, . 1983-1984 . 300 000 , 2000 . . 1970- . , , , , . (Groth-Marnat Shumaker, 1989). , , . , , , , , , . , .

1984 . , , (Test Critiques), , , . 1994 .

1985 . - .





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