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Psychology and Other Sciences




Behaviour is determined by a complex of factors that are partly biological, partly anthropological, partly sociological, and partly psychological. Therefore, psychology is closely related to both the biological and the social sciences. This is recognized by the large majority of modern psychologists. At the same time it should be emphasized that each area of science has its own subject-matter.

Biology the science of life is the study of how all living organisms grow, reproduce their kind, and carry on other life processes. The biological sciences most closely related to psychology are physiology, the study of the functioning of living organisms and their parts; neurology, the specialized scientific study of the brain and nervous system and their diseases; and embryology, the study of the growth and development prior to birth. Anthropology is the study of the physical evolution of mankind, the origins () of social groups, and the development of civilization. Its examination of various cultures especially the so-called primitive ones has provided psychology with much significant data for understanding the influence of cultural factors on human behaviour patterns. Sociology studies the laws underlying the development and functioning of groups of all kinds social, political, economic, religious. Both informal and formal institutions are studied, with emphasis on the observable characteristics of the groups structure and functioning rather than the individual motives or experience of the members. Sociology has helped psychology to understand not only group behaviour but also the social influences upon the behaviour of individuals.

Psychologists, sociologists, and anthropologists have found that they can contribute very significantly to each other's efforts. As a result there has developed a new discipline known as behavioura science, with emphasis on the problem of developing valid generalizations about human behaviour in group situations.

 

VIII. Using information from Exercise VI and VII as well as from your psychology studies speak about the subject-matter of such branches of' psychology, as

developmental psychology general psychology animal psychology clinical psychology cultural psychology educational psychology behaviour psychology group psychology individual psychology child psychology neuropsychology social psychology statistical psychology

LESSON II

 

SENSATION AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

 

Active vocabulary

1. ability, n ; to be able, (to do smth.) (- )

2. amount, n ;amount, v (to) ,

3. area, ,

4. at least

5. brain, n

6. cognition, n ; cognize, v

7. distinguish, v , ; distinction, n , ;distinctive, adj , ,

8. filter out, v

9. hearing, n

10. impression, n ; impress, v , ; impressive, adj , ,

11. message, n

12. quality, n ; quantity, n

13. relevant, adj , , ; irrelevant, adj

14. respond, v (to smth) , ( -.); response, n (to smth) , ( -.)

15. sense, n , ; sense, v ; sensation, n

16. set, n 1. ; 2. , ; a set of fibers . ; set, v

17. sight, n 1. ; 2.

18. smell, n 1. ; 2. ; smell, v 1. ; 2.

19. supply, v (with)

20. taste, n ; taste, v

21. touch, n ; touch, . ,

22. transmit, v , ; transmission, n





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