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American Universities and Colleges.




 

Higher education in the United States includes educational programmes which usually require for admission 12 years of elementary and secondary schooling. It is carried on under a number of forms.

The most common type of higher education is the college. It requires for admission graduation from a standard secondary school; its four-year curriculum leads to the bachelor's degree in arts and sciences.

A college prepares the student for two things: either graduate study leading to master's or doctor's degree or a job immediately after graduation. A student who majors in business administration for example, may be fully prepared for a career in business when he has finished college.

On the other hand, a student majoring in psychology often must do a great deal of graduate work before he is competent in this field.

The American college is known by various titles such as the college of liberal arts, the college of arts and sciences, the college of literature, science and arts. The college may be the central unit around which the university is organized, or it may be a separate corporate entity, independent from the University.

The university in the United States is an educational institution comprising a college of liberal arts and sciences, a professional school leading to a professional degree and a graduate college (school). A graduate college provides programmes for study and research beyond the levels of the bachelor's and first professional degree.

The word university, however, is also used in a broader sense, for almost any type of educational institution offering instruction beyond the level of the secondary school.

Thus in the United States there is some confusion in the use of the terms college and university. Some institutions that are in fact colleges of liberal arts have been incorporated in the universities. Some institutions incorporated in colleges are in fact universities with graduate and professional schools.

American colleges and universities are either public or private, that is, supported by public funds or supported privately by a church group or other groups acting as private citizens although under a state charter.

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In addition to colleges and universities there is a large number of professional schools, separate from universities. They provide preparation in one or more professional fields, such as law, music or theology. Junior colleges or professional schools do not offer the full four-year curriculum leading to a degree.

An institute of technology is a degree-granting institution that specializes in science and technology; some of them have graduate study, An institution offering programs of technological study only at the junior college level is known as a technical institution.

The colleges in the United States differ greatly in size- they may include from 100 to 5000 students and more. Most of the larger institutions fall into the category of universities, the largest being University of California, State University of New York, New York University, Columbia University and others.

Higher educational institutions usually are governed by a board of regents or a board of trustees.

The executive head of a college or a university is usually called the president. The various colleges or schools which take up a university are headed by deans. Within a school or college there may be departments according to subject matter fields, each of which may be headed by a professor who is designated as department head or chairman. Other members of the faculty hold academic ranks, such as instructor, assistant professor, associate professor, and professor.

Students are classified as freshmen, sophomores, juniors and seniors. A freshman is a first year student, a sophomore, a second year student, a junior, a third year student, and a senior, a fourth year student. All students who have graduated from the senior class and who continue studying at a university are classified as advanced students or graduate students. Some graduate students receive grants which cover the cost of their education; a person on such a fellowship is called a university fellow.

 

EXERCISES

 

a) Learn the words and word-combinations:

 

to require [rikwaiə] for admission

elementary and secondary schooling

to be carried on

graduation from a standard secondary

school

to lead to -

arts / sciences /

to be the central unit

a separate corporate entity [entiti]

to comprise smth. - ( )

a college of liberal arts and sciences

a professional school ; -

-

 

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a graduate college (school)

to provide a programme for study -

and research

beyond the level of smth. -

to offer instruction

to be incorporated in a university

to be separate from a university to provide preparation in a professional -

field

a junior college

an institute of technology

a degree-granting institution ,

a technical institution

to include smth. - ( )

to fall into the category of -

 

b) Translate the following words and phrases into English. Find the sentences with them in the text; use the words and phrases in sentences of your own.

 

, , , , , , , - , , , , , , , , , , (, , ), .

 

c) Answer the questions:

1. What do higher education institutions in the USA require for admission?

2. What degree does a college lead to?

6. What does a college prepare the student for?

7. What sense is the word college used in?

8. What kind of educational institution is the University?

9. What sense is th word university used in?

10. What is the devision of American universities and colleges?

11. What kind of preparation do professional schools provide?

12. What is an institute of technology?

13. What is the size of colleges and universities in America?

14. Who usually governs higher educational institutions?

15. Who is the executive head of a college or a university?

16. Who governs the departments of a college?

17. Who are other members of the faculty?

18. How are students classified?

 

 

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d) Read the text again and decide if the following statements are true or flse:

1. The most common type of higher education is the college.

2. All American colleges and universities are supported by public funds.

3. Junior colleges or professional schools offer the full four-year curriculum leading to a degree.

4. The executive head of a college or a university is usually called the dean.

5. A sophomore is a second year student.

 





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