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Preface to the second edition




The first edition of this book has been used in the classroom for over ten years.

Since the first publication of A Course in Modern English Lexicology there has been considerable progress in linguistic studies and the authors ideas about some points have changed. So some chapters had to be revised or modified. The authors also found it necessary to introduce a special chapter on the procedures and methods of lexicological analysis written by R. S. Ginzburg, replace Conclusion by the chapter Various Aspects of Vocabulary Units and Replenishment of Modern English Word-Stock written by R. S. Ginzburg and S. S. Khidekel and also to enlarge the chapter on lexicography.

The work of preparing the separate parts of the present edition has been distributed among the authors as follows:

I. Introduction A. A. Sankin II. Semasiology R. S. Ginzburg

III. Word-Groups and Phraseological Units R. S. Ginzburg

IV. Word-Structure S. S. Khidekel and A. A. Sankin V. Word-Formation A. A. Sankin

Word-Composition S. S. Khidekel

VI. Etymological Survey of the English Word-Stock G. Y. Knyazeva VIL Various Aspects of Vocabulary Units and Replenishment of Modern

English Word-Stock R. S. Ginzburg, S. S. Khidekel VIII. Variants and dialects of the English Language G. Y. Knyazeva IX. Fundamentals of English Lexicography G. Y. Knyazeva X. Methods and Procedures of Lexicological Analysis R. S. Ginzburg

Besides some rearrangements have been made for the sake of greater clarity and simplicity of presentation.

The authors owe a great debt to a number of their colleagues who offered them advice on this or that part of the book. Special thanks are due to Professor V. A. Kunin who has supplied the authors with the scheme of his conception of phraseology and to Professor I. V. Arnold whose criticism was of invaluable help to the authors.

The authors are greatly indebted to Mr. Mark White for going over the text of the first edition and making valuable suggestions as to the English wording.

The Authors


OF ABBREVIATIONS

AE American English

Am. American

AS. Anglo-Saxon

AuE Australian English

BE British English

Br. British

cf. compare

Chin. Chinese

CnE Canadian English

colloq. colloquial

Fr. French

G. German

gen. E. general English

Gr. Greek

It. Italian

L. Latin

ME. Middle English

MnE. Modern English

OE. Old English

OFr. Old French

ON. Old Norse

Russ. Russian

Scand. Scandinavian

Scot. Scottish

sl. slang

U.S. American


I. Introduction

Definition. Links with

Other Branches

Of Linguistics

Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, the science of language. The term Lexicology is composed of two Greek morphemes: lexis meaning word, phrase (hence lexicos having to do with words) and logos which denotes learning, a department of knowledge. Thus, the literal meaning of the term Lexiolg is the science of the word. The literal meaning, however, gives only a general notion of the aims and the subject-matter of this branch of linguistic science, since all its other branches also take account of words in one way or another approaching them from different angles. Phonetics, for instance, investigating the phonetic structure of language, i.e. its system of phonemes and intonation patterns, is concerned with the study of the outer sound form of the word. Grammar, which is inseparably bound up with Lexicology, is the study of the grammatical structure of language. It is concerned with the various means of expressing grammatical relations between words and with the patterns after which words are combined into word-groups and sentences.

Lexicology as a branch of linguistics has its own aims and methods of scientific research, its basic task being a study and systematic description of vocabulary in respect to its origin, development and current use. Lexicology is concerned with words, variable word-groups, phraseological units, and with morphemes which make up words.

Distinction is naturally made between General Lexicology and Special Lexicology. General Lexicology is part of General Linguistics; it is concerned with the study of vocabulary irrespective of the specific features of any particular language. Special Lexicology is the Lexicology of a particular language (e.g. English, Russian, etc.), i.e. the study and description of its vocabulary and vocabulary units, primarily words as the main units of language. Needless to say that every Special Lexicology is based on the principles worked out and laid down by General Lexicology, a general theory of vocabulary.

There is also a close relationship between Lexicology and Stylistics or, to be more exact, Linguo-Stylistics (Linguistic Stylistics). Linguo-Stylistics is concerned with the study of the nature, functions and structure of stylistic devices, on the one hand, and with the investigation of each style of language, on the other, i.e. with its aim, its structure, its characteristic features and the effect it produces as well as its interrelation with the other styles of language.





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