.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


My Speciality is Woodworking

 

The main directions in the economic development of Russia in woodworking are: to ensure a better utilization of forest raw materials and processing of wood, to rise labour productivity and lower production costs.

The Forestry Technical Faculty of the Bratsk State Technical University trains highly qualified specialists who are able to fulfil these tasks.

One of the most important features of modern woodworking industry is the concentration of production. It means creating large timber industry complexes, such as in Bratsk and in Ust-Ilimsk.

They are oriented not only on lumbering, but also on all kinds of processing and waste utilization operations.

The Bratsk Timber Industrial Complex not only fells timber, but also produces cord pulp, cardboards, saw timber, plywood, fibre-boards, feed grade yeast, resin, turpentine and other things.

Graduates from the woodworking department work as engineers in the technology of woodworking at timber industry enterprises. Since woods are the raw material for woodworking it might be well to learn a little about their structure, names of their parts, classification and identification.

In order to be an educated and qualified engineer it is necessary to study about 40 subjects of general education and engineering. The programme includes the study of the physical and anatomical characteristics of hardwood and softwood species, how to manufacture building materials, furniture, TV and radio sets, musical instruments and other things by processing wood, veneer, chips, plastics.

All the students learn how to get knowledge for their future work in modern laboratories of the University and industrial enterprises. Many students take part in the research work of the faculty.

I am a second-year student and I am eager to master my speciality as it is an important and deficult one.

 

4. :

; ; ; ; ; , , , , ; ; .

 

5. :

1. What are the directions in woodworking industry?

2. What department do you study at?

3. What is one of the most important features of modern woodworking industry? What does it mean?

4. What are the timber industry complexes in Bratsk and Ust-Ilimsk oriented on?

5. Where do graduates from the woodworking faculty work?

 

6. .

1. aluminum paper 2. bamboo paper 3. bank paper 4. bag paper 5. synthetic paper 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

7. .

1. The Forestry Technical Faculty of the Bratsk State Technical University trains

2. They are oriented

3. The Bratsk Timber Industrial complex not only fells timber

4. In order to be an educated and qualified specialist

 

8. :

1. The Bratsk Timber Industry complex was built and operates under rigorous climate conditions.

2. The writer and revolutionary Alexsander Radischev wrote at the end of the 18-th century What a rich and mighty land this Siberia is, when it is settled, it is destinated to play a big role in the world.

3. The Bratsk reservoir, which is 570 kms long, is the biggest artificial lake in the world.

4. In the Bratsk Timber Industry Complex siberian timber is turned into paper, furniture and chemical products of the finest quality.

 

9. .

MY PROFESSION IS A TEACHER

 

1. .

 

trait [trew]
loyalty [!l]wcltw]
devotion [dw!v]u•cn]
imparter [wm!pa:tc] ,
to foresee [f]:!si:]
to precede [pri:!si:d]
feudal [!fju:dl]
knowledgeable [!nolwcbl]

 

 

2. .

 

If you ask me why of all humanities I have chosen history, my answer will be: it interests me as a science because it helps one to understand and explain the processes going on in various aspects of human history. It also helps one to foresee the course of events in the future. But no one can really study any particular period of history unless he knows a lot about what preceded it, and what came after it.

Now I am a second-year student of the Bratsk State Technical University and I belong to the Humanitarian Pedagogical Faculty. It was shortly before leaving school that I made up my mind to enter this faculty and take up History seriously as my future specialty.

I know that a teacher is the central figure in the teaching and educational process. A teacher takes an active part in shaping childs character. He has a lot of difficulties trying to develop such traits of character as: kindness, loyalty, cooperation, respect for ideals, devotion to duty. The teaching profession is one of the most important and difficult ones. The students who have chosen the teaching profession should clearly understand what makes a good teacher. A teacher must be an educated person and he must like children. A real teacher must be a professional, he must have deep knowledge of his subject.

There are many historical subjects in our programme. When we are through with ancient History, well pass over to the study of the Middle Ages. As to Russian History, I think well start learning the pre-Revolutionary period next year, but not until we are through with the feudal period. When I am in my third year, I wish to devote myself to the special study of Modern and Contemporary History which I am greatly attracted to.

But to be a good teacher you also need some of the gifts of a good actor. The main difficulty is to hold the attention and interest of your class. You must be a clear speaker with good, strong and pleasing voice. Lisenkova, Shatalov, Ilyin, Amonashvilly and other famous teachers are not only the imparters of knowledge, but fine actors in class as well. One of the main ideas of their teaching methods is the pedagogics of cooperation. New demands are presented to the teacher by the school reform and the social prestige and authority of teaching profession will be raised.

Whether Ill make a very good teacher or a research worker remains to be seen, but Im sure that eventually Ill become quite knowledgeable in the field of History and perhaps social sciences. Students graduating from our faculty are full of energy to apply in practice knowledge acquired at the University.

 

3. :

humanity [hju:!mænwtw]  
faculty [fækcltw]  
prestige [pres!tw:¥]  
authority []:›]rwtw]  
social [!sou•cl]  
energy [!encw]  

 

4.

) : ) :
. . . . .

 

5. ( ) :

 

the processes going on in various aspects of human history;

take up history seriously;

a lot of difficulties;

the feudal period;

some of the gifts of a good actor.

 

6. . . .

 

) It interests me as ______________ because it _____________ one to ___________ and ______________ the processes going on in various aspects of human history.

) I belong to the ____________ ___________ ____________.

c) A teacher is _____________ ______________ in the __________ and ____________ process.

d) A real teacher must be a _________________.

c) One of the main ideas of their _____________ ___________ is the __________ of ______________.

 

7. , . .

 

1. Why did you enter the History faculty?

2. What subjects do you study?

3. What is necessary to be a good teacher?

4. When do the students of your faculty begin their specialization?

5. What famous teachers do you know?

6. What are you going to be after graduating from the University?

 

8. .

 

9. :

 

1. Where did V.Sukhomlinsky work?

2. How long had he worked as the head of the school?

 

Vasily Sukhomlinsky worked as a teacher in a small Ukrainian village and became famous as an educationalist.

Sukhomlinsky had worked as the head of the Pavlysh school for 23 years. Sukhomlinskys scientific career started with the work on the book Teachers Collective of a Secondary School. Sukhomlinsky was Candidate of Pedagogical sciences and of age of 39 he was elected a Corresponding member of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences. Sukhomlinsky maintained that pedagogy is a science for all both teachers and parents. Sukhomlinskys books have been translated into more than 60 foreign languages and languages of the Russian peoples. The heritage left by the great teacher is varied and many sided. It helps teachers to deal with the complex problems of teaching and bringing up children in the modern school.

1. When and where was Makarenko born?

2. How old was Anton when he was sent to the city school?

3. Did he do well at the Institute?

 

Anton Semjonovitch Makarenko was born on March, 13, 1868 in the town of Belopolye in the Ukraine. His father was a worker. Anton was a very capable boy. He learnt to read at the age of five. When he was 12 years old he was sent to the city secondary school. Through his school years, and later in the pedagogical institute, he always stood at the head of his class. He graduated from the Poltava Institute with a gold medal. Makarenko was not only a remarkable teacher but also a well-known theoretician who made a great contribution to Russian pedagogics. At present many Russian teachers follow his principle in education.

 

10. .

PEDAGOGICS & PSYCHOLOGY

1. ; :

edagogics [7pedc!l]wks]
psychology [saw!k]lcw]
to be deeply interested in smth. [!dw:plw]
to be eager [!w:lc]
to master [!ma:stc]
a broad outlook [!bro:d!autluk] ,
quality [!kw]lwtw]
sympathy [!swmpc›w] , ,
view [!vju:] , ,
inquiring [wn!kwawcrwŋ]
character [!kærwktc]
attitude [!ætwtju:d] ,
specialization [7spe•claw!zew•(c)n]
to provide [prc!vawd] ,
condition [kcn!dw•n]
creative [krw!ewtwv]
activity [æk!twvwtw]
to be engaged in smth. [wn!lcwd] -
scientific [7sawcn!twfwk]
research [rw!sc:] ,
to reflect [rw!flekt]
range [rewn] , ,
undergraduate [7žndc!lrædjuwt]
experience [wks!pwcrwcns]
inner [!wnc]
nature [newc]
behavior [bw!hewvjc]
to influence [!wnflucns]
hereditary [hw!redwtcrw]
environmental [wn7vawr(c)n!mentl]
additional [c!dw•(c)n(c)l]
to do ones best [du:]
highly-qualified [!hawlw!kw]lwfawd]
field [fw:ld] ,
to be diversified [daw!vc:swfawd]
psychological adviser [saw!kcl]wkcl cd!vawzc] -
post-graduate courses [!k]:swz]  
to succeed [sck!sw:d] ,

 

2. .

My future speciality

I am a second-year student of the Bratsk State Technical University, the Faculty of Pedagogics and Psychology. Ive chosen psychology as my profession. In the near future Ill graduate from the University and become a specialist in pedagogic or a psychologist. I want to work with people and try to understand them better. And of course it will help me to understand myself better, too. Also I think that psychology is a fast developing science and Ill always have a job.

My future job will be connected both with pedagogics and psychology. As Im deeply interested in these sciences, Im eager to master my speciality.

What makes a good teacher? First of all, a teacher should have a true interest in children and love for them. He must be also a well-educated person with a broad outlook and deep knowledge of the subject. A teacher should have the qualities of sympathy, kindness and an inquiring mind. I think that a teacher is a person who is teaching as well as learning himself all his life. As for me Id like to teach my pupils to develop their intellect, from their views and characters, their attitude to life and other people.

At the University we are taught various subjects, such as Pedagogics, History, Philosophy, the Russian language, foreign languages, Physical training, computer science and others. After two years of studying general subjects, specialization, begins. Our faculty provides all necessary conditions for developing the students creative activity.

Many students of our department are engaged in scientific work. The themes of the students research reflect the wide range of their interests. At the end of the fourth year the University undergraduates are sent for a few month to school to get some practical experience in teaching.

The profession of a psychologist deals with a person, his feelings, his inner world and studies a human nature and behavior. Most people still dont realize the importance of psychology in every sphere of human life. For me, one of the central problems is the persons character which is known to be influenced both by hereditary and environmental factors. I must study a lot of special and additional literature and do my best to become a highly-qualified specialist in my field.

My future profession is quite diversified and the graduates of our faculty can work not only at secondary schools, at the higher educational establishments but also at different offices as psychological advisors. They may continue their studies at the post-graduate courses if they have a desire to become scientists.

Whenever I shall make a good teacher or become a successful in some other field of social life to be seen. But Im sure that my knowledge received at the University will help me to succeed in my future work.

 

3.

) :

 

Pedagogic, psychology, character, activity, sympathy, specialization, creative, nature, psychological, intellect;

 

b) , ;

 

) .

 

4. . :

) :

 

, , , , , , , , , , ;

b) :

 

1. .

2. , .

3. .

4. , .

5. .

6. , .

7. , .

5. Memory Test. , :

 

1. a well-educated person with broad outlook;

2. to develop ones intellect;

3. to reflect the wide range of ones interest;

4. to be influenced both by hereditary and environmental factors;

5. to become a highly-qualified specialist.

6. . , . .

 

1. In the near future Ill graduate from the University and become

2. Also, I think that is a fast developing science and Ill always have

3. A teacher should have of sympathy, kindness ad an inquiring mind.

4. At the University we various subjects.

5. Many students of our department in scientific work.

6. I must study a lot of and do my best to become a highly-qualified specialist in my field.

7. , . :

 

1. Where do you study?

2. Whats your future profession?

3. Why have you chosen psychology as your future profession?

4. What makes a good teacher?

5. What qualities should teacher have?

6. What subjects are you taught at the University?

7. When does specialization begin?

8. Does your faculty provide all necessary conditions for developing the students creative activity?

9. What does the profession of a psychologist deal with?

10. Where can the graduates of your faculty work?

8. .

 

9. :

 

1. What is the main idea of the text?

2. Do you agree with the authors point of view?

3. Whats your own opinion?

1. Gradually more and more patients came to see Freud, and with each patient he tried to learn something new about his work. He also tried to analyze himself. He realized that some of the ideas that affect people are unconscious we dont know about them though they are in our own minds. Freud said that people may do things without knowing the real reason why they are doing it.

gradually ;

affect ;

unconscious ;

 

2. The education of children starts as soon as they are born; girls wear pink and boys wear blue; boys play with guns and girls play with dolls. Boys are allowed to make more noise and cause more trouble, while girls are supposed to be more interested in talking to and understanding people. This kind of education prepares boys for power in the world but for little else.

3. Some doctors give names to these two personality types: Type A and type B people. Type As work very hard, worry a lot, and are often bad-tempered. Type Bs are the opposite. They dont worry. Works not so important to them and they dont get angry easily. They like to relax a lot and have fun. The doctors say it is better for your health and your heart if you are a Type B person. So what are you? Type A or type B?

4. Fear is a terrible thing. I suppose, if I asked you what you were afraid of, you would answer lions or tigers or mice, or ghosts, heights, or some other wild animal. Perhaps you would reply that you were afraid when you walked in the forest alone on a dark windy night; when you were alone in the house and the wind moved the bushes in the dark outside. Fear can take many forms, but really, most of the time, we are only slightly frightened, not terrified.

10. :

) ;

) .

 


 

THE PROFESSION OF LAWYERS

 

1. :

 

lawyer [l]:jc]
lawenforcement agency [l]: wnf]:smcnt!ewensw]
prosecutors office [!pr]swkju:tc!]fws]
court [k]:t] ,
Ministry of Internal Affairs [!mwnwstrw cv wn!tc:nl c!fεcz]
militia [mw!lw•c]
crime [krawm]
detective [dwtektwv] , , ꠠ
investigator [wn!vestwlewtc]
offender [c!fendc]
apprehend [7æprw!hend]
criminalistics [7krwmwnc!lwstwks]
Labour Law [!lewbc!l]:]
Land Law  
Administrative Law [cd!mwnwstrctwv l]:]
Criminal Law [krwmwnl!l]:]
Constitutional Law [7k]nstwtju:•cnl!l]:]
decree [dw!krw:] ,
regulation [7relju!lew•cn] ,
witness [!wwtnws]
to interrogate [wn!terclewt]
to be engaged [wn!lewd]
to implement [!wmplwment] ,
judiciary reform [u:!dw•wcrw rw!f]:m]
smuggling [!smžllwŋ]
corruption [kc!ržp•cn]
seizure [!si:¥c] ,
strategic raw materials [strc!twwk!r]: me!twcrwclz]  

2. .

 

I study at the Humanitarian and Pedagogical Faculty of the Bratsk State Technical University. I am a future lawyer. Id like to work as a detective or an investigator.

A University graduate with a law degree can start at a local or federal Law-enforcement agency: prosecutors office, court, the Ministry of Internal affairs and militia.

The principal task of our militia is to fight crime. And one of the main duties of militia officers is to prevent crime. But if a crime has been committed the militia officers should do all they can to detect the offender; it means to locate and apprehend him.

We know that quick and accurate solution of a crime greatly depends on the professional skills of the investigating officers, on their training. That is why we try to master the special course of Detective Activity, Civil Law, Labour Law, Land Law, Administrative Law, Commercial Law, Criminal Law, Constitutional Law, Criminalitics, Crime Psychology and many other special subjects.

There is the constitution, many codes numerous decrees and regulations to study as well.

It is not easy to investigate crimes, it is difficult to trace and locate criminals. We must know how to interview witnesses, interrogate criminals we learn all that at our University.

Very often the solution of a crime is the crime scene. When an investigator arrives at the crime scene he examines the scene very carefully. He makes a plan of the investigation. All the evidence in the crime scene must be found, collected and preserved for court presentation.

The effectiveness of an investigator largely depends upon his ability to obtain information.

The officer of the Criminal Detection Department (a detective) is responsible for the detection of the perpetrator. A great part of detective work is devoted to finding missing or wanted person. The detective also takes measures for search, discovery and seizure of the stolen property and instruments of the crime.

Lawyers have lots to do in our county. They are engaged in law-making activities-improving the already existing acts and drafting new laws. They are implementing judiciary reform.

Lawyers conduct the investigations concerning smuggling, corruption, dealings in narcotics, economic and banking crimes. Among the most serious cases are those involving illegal operations in arms, drugs, strategic raw materials as well as organized crimes. Lawyers carry out many complicated operations.


 

3. :

 

, , , , , , (), , , , , , , , , , .

 

4. :

 

court, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, offender, professional skills, Detective Activity, Labour Law, Crime Psychology, to interrogate criminals, law-making activity, evidence in the crime, detection of the perpetrator, instruments of the crime, improving the already existing acts.

 

5. :

 

to begin, to find, criminal, to find out, to arrest, to gather, to get information, to carry out, difficult.

 

 

6. :

1) Where do you study?

2) What is the principal task of our militia?

3) What does quick and accurate solution of a crime depend on?

4) Where is the solution of a crime very often?

5) What are the duties of an investigator?

6) What is a detective responsible for?

7) Whose duty is to take measures for search, discovery and seizure of the stolen property?

8) Do you like your future profession?

9) What department will you work at after graduating from the University?

 

7. :

1) Can you take pictures?

- Yes, I do it rather well.

- And what else can you do well?

- I can interview witnesses and do many other things.

2) - Are you going to be an investigator?

- Yes, Id like to.

- And what must an investigator know?

- A lot. For example, to establish corpus delicti, reconstruct the happening, conduct the investigation properly, he must also be able to make a record of the crime scene inspection and many other things. Then, he must know how to interrogate criminals, interview witnesses properly.

- Oh, now I see that the work of an investigator includes so many duties.

3) I say, whats main duty as the future officer of the CID1 ?

- Crime prevention and crime solution.

- And what does quick and accurate solution of a crime depend on?

- Oh, it depends on training, education, practical skills of an officer

and many otherfactors.

CID Criminal Investigation Department.

 

8. Land:

1. land law

2. land relations

3. agricultural land

4. plots of land

5. land reform

6. lands on various forms of private ownership

7. land resources

8. land use

9. land user

10. state (federal) land

11. to own land in the form of private property

12. lands of all-Russian significance

13. land of privatized enterprises

14. urban lands

15. to have land in ownership

16. private ownership of land

17. the sale of land

 

9. .

 

as , ;

alongside ;

over- ;

instead of ;

during ;

under - , , , ().

 

: as in other countries; under this system; the judge alongside the prosecutor; over 95 per cent of criminal defendants; instead of inquisitorial justice, under Czar Alexander II; the old system; under a law passed in July; under the new rules accompanying the jury system.

 

10. , :

to investigate - investigation investigator;

to accuse - accused - accuser- accusal accusant accusational accusation;

to interrogate interrogation - interrogator interrogatory.

to prosecute prosecutable- prosecuting prosecution - prosecutive prosecutor

 

11. .

MATHEMATICS AND INFORMATICS

 

1. :

analysis [cn!ælcsws]
sign [sawn] ,
symbol [!swmbcl] , ,
Arabic [!ærcbwk]
numeral [!nju:mcrcl]
addition [c!dw•cn]
subtraction [scbtræk•cn]
multiplication [7mžltwplwkew•cn]
division [dw!vw¥cn]
equality [w!kw]lwtw]
device [dw!vaws] ,
relatively [!relctwvlw]
exciting [wk!sawtwŋ]
discipline [!dwswplwn]

2. , :

Mathematics - mathematician mathematical.

Teach - teacher- teaching.

Study -student studied - studious- studio - studentship.

Scientific science scientist.

Invent - invented inventing - inventor invention.

Compute computation - computing - computer.

Special - specialist - specialize - specialization - specially speciality.

Apply - application applied.

Equal equality equalize equation.

 

3. .

 

My Future Speciality

 

I am a student of the Bratsk State Technical University. My future speciality is connected with the teaching of mathematics and informatics. No problems in physics, mechanics and many other sciences can be solved without mathematics. Every field of mathematics involves different problems. It is an important subject for the students of science. Mathematics sometimes is called the queen of sciences. The language of mathematics may be called the language of science. It consists of signs and symbols. Some of the best known symbols of mathematics are the Arabic numerals (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0) and the signs of addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (x), division (:), equality (=), and the alphabets: Greek, Latin, Gothic. People invented special devices to make computations easier, especially in dealing with large numbers. So modern science is impossible without computers. Computer science is a relatively new and exciting field of study and research. It is a broad discipline covering logic design, the theory of computation, numeral analysis, programming and computer application. Thats why I decided to choose this profession.

 

4. :

Fingers, numbers, count, instead of, systems, easy, digits, binary, ancient, hands, written, multiplication, rarely, octal, know, then, present, use, learn.

? ? .

 

5. . .

Easy

Early

Ancient

Difficult

 

6. .

System, user, figure, numeral, scale, number, special, especially, division, present, numeration, fractions, multiplication.

 

7. .


Number Systems

Number systems were among the first words used when people began to talk but it has taken thousands of years for people to learn how to use numbers or the written figures which we call numerals.

In early days people often counted on a scale of three or four instead of ten and sometimes other number scales were used. Later they found it more convenient to count by tens using the fingers of both hands. We still use this scale in counting: that is, we count to ten; then to ten tens, then to ten times ten tens, and so on.

When people first began to use numbers they knew only one way to work with them: that was to count. Later they found out how to add, subtract and multiply. They invented special devices to make computations easier, especially in dealing with large numbers.

Division was not often needed in ancient times in comparison with multiplication, and it is far more rarely employed than addition and subtraction at the present time.

Besides the decimal number system which we commonly use there are other systems of numeration such as the binary, octal, etc. In the number systems we use digits. The Latin word ''digiti'' means fingers.

In ancient times it was very difficult to use fractions because they did not know any easy way of writing them. Decimal fractions were introduced in the 16-th. century and are now much more commonly used than common fractions.

8. :

()

 

9. :

1. People invented special devices to make computations easier, especially in dealing with large numbers.

2. Decimal fractions were introduced in the 16-th century.

3. It has taken thousands of years for people to learn how to use numbers.

10. :

Dear Sergei,

How are you? I have received your letter of 10-th June for which I thank you very much. I am sorry I havent written to you sooner, but I have had many things to do. You know it was a very hard year for me. I spent my time getting ready for my exams and I was doing well in many subjects.

After passing the exams I was enrolled ( ) into the University. The whole course of study is five years. My major subject is mathematics. It is my favorite and my hobby. I am good at it and do maths whenever I have a chance. I take many courses in this subject. I like to take part in mathematical competitions organized at our department and at the University. I think that mathematics is the queen of sciences and plays an important part in our life. We are lucky to have a brilliant lecturer in mathematics this term. He has a talent to take a difficult subject () and make it simple. You leave the lecture hall with a feeling that mathematics is the most interesting subject under the sun. Next term Ill do research in the field of computer engineering.

And how do you feel about maths? Please, write to me, I am especially interested in your life in students hostel.

Good-bye for the present, your friend Mike.

 

11. .

 

INFORMATION SYSTEM

1. :

computer [kcm!pju:tc] - ,
device [di!vYis] ,
prior [!praic] ,
initially [i!ni•cli]
applicable [!æplikcbl] , ,
complicate [!k]mplikeit]
complicated [!k]mplikeitid]
digest (n) [!dYid¥cst] ,
digest [di!d¥est]
inventories  
purchase [!pc:t•cs] ,
bill  
payroll = paysheet  
ongoing (going on)   ,
transaction [træn!zæk•cn] ,
manipulate [mc!nipjuleit] ,
nowadays [!naucdeiz]

2. .

My future speciality

 

I study at the University. My future speciality is the computer technology. Among different devices of calculation computers stand out as prior.

Personal Computers or simply PCs are a common feature of our life. Initially the computer was designed as a tool to manipulate numbers and thus solve arithmetic problems. At present it is applicable for a great variety of tasks.

Nowadays computers are considered to be complicated machines for doing arithmetic and logic. The computer is an important and powerful tool for collecting, recording, analyzing and distributing tremendous masses of information.

Today it would be difficult to find any task that calls for the processing of large amount of information that is not performed by a computer. In science computers digest and analyse masses of measurements. In commerce they record and process inventories, purchases, bills, payrolls, bank deposits and the like and keep track on ongoing business transactions. In industry they monitor and control manufacturing processes. In government they keep statistics and analyse economic information.

Advanced automation is impossible without computers. Computer science is a relatively new and exciting field of study and research. It is a board discipline covering logic design, the theory of computation, numeral analyses, programming and computer application.

All the students improve their knowledge of computer in the computing center of the University. Many students take part in the research work at the department of the faculty.

Those who graduate from our departments work as engineers and teachers. I am a second-year student and I am eager to master my speciality as it is very important and necessary nowadays.

 

3. , :

future [!fju:c]  
feature [!fw:c]  
prior [!praic]  
calculation [7kælkju!lei•n]  
arithmetic [!æri›!metwk]  
logic [!l]ik]  
important [im!p]:tcnt]  
analyze [!ænclaiz]  
record [ri!k]:d]  
distribute [dis!tribju:t]  
process [prc!ses]  
digest [di!est]  
measure [!me¥c]  
automation []:tc!mei•cn]  
discipline [!disiplin]  
knowledge [!n]li]  
design [di!zain]  
excite [wk!sait]  

 

4. . .

record (n) [!rek]:d]  
record (v) [ri!k]:d]  
process (n) [!prouscs]  
process (v) [prc!ses]  
import (n) [!imp]:t]  
import (v) [im!p]:t]  
digest (n) [!daicst]  
digest (v) [di!est]  
control (n) [kcn!troul]  
control (v) [kcn!troul]  
export (n) [!eksp]:t]  
export (v) [eks!p]:t]  

5. , :

Computer technology, common feature, complicated machines, powerful tool, tremendous mass, a large amount of information, masses of measurements, business transactions, manufacturing process, economic information, advanced automation, logic design, new and exciting field, numeral analysis (numeral analyses), programming application, research work.

6. () :

 

to stand out

to call for

performed by

to keep track on

to take part in

to graduate from

 

7. Thats right Thats wrong, :

1. Initially the computer was designed as a tool to manipulate numbers.

2. Advanced automation is possible without computers.

3. In industry the computers digest and analyze masses of information.

4. In government the computers keep statistics and analyse economic information.

5. Few students take part in the research work of our University.

 

8. :

1. What is your future speciality?

2. What kind of device was computer initially?

3. What is computer nowadays?

4. The computer is a powerful tool for tremendous masses of information, isnt it?

5. Where is the computer used?

6. What are computers function in commerce?

in industry?

in science?

in government?

7. Where do university students improve their knowledge of computing?

 

9. :

Robot is a programmable multi function device; robots are stand alone hybrid computer systems which perform physical and computational activities. Robots use analog sensors () for recognizing objects in the real world and digital computers for their direction. Robots can be designed similar to human form, although most industrial robots dont resemble people at all. They have one or more arms and joints designed for specific activities.

Robotics is the art and science of the creation and use of robots.

Numerical control is the machine - tool control. It is used in manufacturing to automate operations, like milling () turning ( ) punching ( ) and drilling (). NC devices are machines which operate automatically by following instructions in a NC program.

Management system is the structure and function of the leadership and control of an organization.

The management system is people interacting with people and machines. Together they set the objectives () for the organization, outline the strategy and tactics and develop the plans, schedules () and necessary controls to run the organization. AMS is automated management system. Frame is a single block of a data; a frame is a group of data which makes up a single full picture screen in graphics.

 

10. .

 

 

ECOLOGY

1. :

nature [!newc]
dry up [draw žp]
source [!s]:s]
rare [rεc]
environment [wn!vawrcnmcnt]
animal [!ænwml]
interaction [7wntcr!æk•n]
destruction [dw!stržk•n]
increase [wn!krw:s]
disaster [dw!za:stc] ,
by-product [baw-!prodžkt]
damage [!dæmw]
pollute [pc!lu:t]
consequence [!k]nswkwcns]
breathe [bri:ð]
explosion [wk!splcu¥n]
harmful [!ha:mfl]
protection [prc!tek•n]
careless [kεclcs]
concern [kcn!sc:n]
substance [!sžbstcns]
security [sw!kjucrwtw]
upset [žp!set]
research center [rw!sc:!sentc] -
save [sewv]
to take measures [tewk!me¥c]
to take care of [tewk!kεc cv]
oxygen [!]kswcn]
prevent [prw!vent]

 

2. , .

It is not an easy thing to choose a profession out of more than 2000 existing in the world. As for me I made my choice long ago. During all school years biology and chemistry were my favourite subjects. That is why last year I entered the Bratsk State Technical University to become a student of the Natural Scientific Faculty. Now I am a second-year student.

At the University we are taught different subjects, but the future ecologist should clearly know and understand ecological problems of our planet.

Since ancient times Nature has served Man, being the source of his life. For thousand of years people lived in harmony with environment and it seemed to them that natural riches were unlimited. But with the development of civilization mans interference in nature began to increase.

Large cities with thousands of smoky industrial enterprises appear all over the world today. The by-products of their activity pollute the air we breathe, the water we drink, the land we grow grain and vegetables. Every year world industry pollutes the atmosphere with about 1000 million tons of dust and other harmful substances. Many cities suffer from smog. Vast forests are cut and burn in fire. Their disappearance upset the oxygen balance. As a result some rare species of animals, birds, fish and plants disappear forever, a number of rivers and lakes dry up.

The pollution of air and the worlds ocean, destruction of the ozone layer is the result of mans careless interaction with nature, a sign of ecological crisis.

As a result of Chernobyl tragedy in April 1986 the most horrible ecological disaster befell Belarus and its people. About 18 per cent of the territory of Belarus were polluted with radioactive substances. A great damage has been done to the republics agriculture, forests and peoples health. The consequences of this explosion at the atomic power station are tragic for the Belarusian nation.

Environment protection is a universal concern. That is why serious measures to create a system of ecological security should be taken.

Some progress has already been made in this direction. In many countries environmental protection agencies and research centres are set up. The international environmental research centre has been set up on lake Baikal. Such organizations as Green Peace and Friend of the Earth are also doing much to preserve the environment.

These are only the initial steps and they must be carried forward to protect nature, to save life on the planet not only for the sake of the present but also for the future generation. And I think that having received the Diploma in Higher Education in the sphere of Ecology I shall be able to do my best in this struggle for clean environment.

3. :

harmony [!ha:mcnw]  
ozone [!ouzoun]  
crisis [!krawsws]  
percent [pc!sent]  
territory [!terwtcrw]  
progress [!proulres]  
organizations [7]:lcnaw!zew•cn]  
universal [7ju:nw!vc:scl]  

4. , , .

a) , , , , .

b) , .

.

, , , .

5. ( ) :

favorite subjects

harmful substances

horrible ecological disaster

research center

6. . , . .

1. The by-products of their activity _________ the air we _______, the water we ________, the land we _________ grain and vegetables.

2. The consequences of __________ at the atomic power station are _______ for the Belarusian nation.

3. That is why _________ to create a system of __________ should be taken.

4. In many countries _________ protection _________ and _________ are set up.

5. We are to save life on the planet not only________ of the present but also for the _______ ________.

7. , . .

 

1. What is the source of peoples life?

2. What do the words development of civilization mean?

3. What has the development of civilization led to?

4. Why did some species of animals, birds, plants disappear from the earth?

5. What do you know about ecological disasters on the Earth?

6. What are the consequences of these tragedies?

7. What has been done to solve ecological problems?

8. Why is your speciality important for all generations?

8. .

9. .

1. Why do we have no right to blame our ancestors for their careless attitude to nature?

2. What produces a negative effect on the biosphere?

Our ancestors considered the Earths resources to be boundless and endless. We have no right to blame our ancestors for their ecological ignorance: they fought to live.

Even in the 19-th century when the word ecology was born people continued to use nature as consumers, considering Man to be lord and king of nature and not the child.

In the 19-th century with the growth of science and technology human achievements in conquering nature became so great that mans economic activities began to produce an increasingly negative effect on the biosphere.

 

1. Why didnt the past wars affect the atmos



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