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( , )

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FAQ

The 2-nd Sunday of May Mothers Day

. , .

, , . , , , , , . , , .

: I I , II II .

, .

I

 

ABOUT MYSELF

1. :

 

surname, n [ 's: nawm]
double, adj [ džbl ] 頠
housewife, n [ 'haυswawf ]
cashier, n [ kæ ' ∫wc]
hairdresser, n ['hfcdresc (r)]
book-keeper, n ['bukki:pc(r)]
admit, v [cd'mwt] ,
ambitious, adj [æm'bw•cs]
apologise, v [c'p]lcawz]
appreciate, v [c'pri: •wewt]
awaken, v [c' wewkcn] ,
beauty, n ['bjŸtw] ,
calm, adj [kY:m]
crazy, adj ['krewzw] -
equestrian, adj [w'kwestrwcn]
even-tempered, adj ['i:vcn!tempcd]
faithful, adj [!few›ful]
fate, n [!fewt]
frank, adj [fr æŋk] , ,
hard-working, adj [´hY:dֽwf:kwŋ]
hot-tempered, adj [´hZt!tempcd]
influence, v [!wnflŸcns]
introduce, v [!wntrc!dju:s]
lyceum, n [law!swcm]
to lose ones temper [!lu:z] ,
modest, adj [!mZdwst]
overcrowded, adj [cŸvc!kraŸdid]
partially, adv [!pa:•clw]
persistent, adj [pc!swstcnt] ,
reserved, adj [rw!zf:vd]
to retire into smb's shell [rw!tawc]
serious, adj [!swcrwcs]
sincere, adj [swn!swc]
slim, adj [slwm]
to stand up to smth [stænd] -.
stubborn, adj [!stžbcn]
tolerant, adj [!t]lcrcnt]
wise, adj [wawz]
witty, adj [!wwtw]
zodiac sign [!zcŸdwæk!sawn]
   
Zodiac signs:  
Aries, n [!ecri:z]
Taurus, n [!t]:rcs]
Gemini, n [!djemwnaw]
Cancer, n [!kænsc]
Leo, n [!li:cŸ]
Virgo, n [!vf:lcŸ]
Libra, n [li:brc]
Scorpio, n [!sk]:pwcŸ]
Sagittarius, n [1sæw!tecrwcs]
Capricorn, n [!kæprwk]:n]
Aquarius, n [c!kwecrwcs]
Pisces, n [!pawsi:z]

2. a) , , . , ? :

ARIES (Fire) 21st March 20th April energetic, straightforward, brave, selfish, impatient, quick-tempered   TAURUS (Earth) 21st April 21st May patient, practical, fond of art, stubborn, lazy, fond of money
GEMINI (Air) 22nd May 21st June clever, amusing, good at languages, unreliable, restless, superficial   CANCER (Water) 22nd June 22nd July sensitive, cautious, home-loving, too emotional, moody, self-pitying
LEO (Fire) 23rd July 22nd August generous, broad-minded, good at organizing, snobbish, fond of power, vain   VIRGO (Earth) 23rd August 22nd September quiet, tidy, independent, fussy, too critical, likely to worry
LIBRA (Air) 23rd September 22nd October charming, tactful, peace-loving, not decisive, easily influenced, superficial   SCORPIO (Water) 23rd October 22nd November passionate, determined, clever, jealous, stubborn, secretive
SAGITTARIUS (Fire) 23rd November 22nd December tolerant, sincere, cheerful, tactless, careless, noisy CAPRICORN (Earth) 23rd December 20th January reliable, careful, patient, inflexible, pessimistic, mean  
AQUARIUS (Air) 21st January 18th February friendly, progressive, idealistic, odd, rebellious, unreliable   PISCES (Water) 19th February 20th March emotional, sensitive, gentle, vague, easily confused, not practical

 

b) .

1. Do you think you are like your zodiac sign?

2. Do you agree with the good points and the bad points?

3. Does it give a good description of any of your friends and relatives?

 

3. 5 6 ( II) .

Model: sociable - Im sociable because I love being with

other people.

4. . , .

5. :

1. independent a. enjoys meeting people and making new friends.
2. sociable b. decides things for himself, doesnt ask people for help or advise.
3. emotional c. often gives friends gifts and enjoys spending money on other people.
4. generous d. whether he is excited or sad, he shows his feelings very easily.
5. impatient e. has a very high opinion of himself.
6. arrogant f. doesnt like to wait for anything
7. unbalanced g. loses his or her temper quickly
8. knowledgeable h. reads a lot and knows much about the world.
9. touchy i. cant keep a secret.
10. boastful j. is easily hurt

 

6. . .

character, energy, leader, ambitious, sport, serious, moment, radio, music, emotion, block, doctor, engineer, electrician, manager, pilot, secretary, lyceum, university, student, faculty.

 

7. .

 

My name is Helen. My surname is Pavlova. I live in Bratsk (Ust-Ilimsk, Zheleznogorsk, etc.). My address is Flat 12, 25 Primorskaja Street. My phone number is one - double five nine - two (1-55-92).

I am 17 years old. I was born on the 29th of March,1985 in Bratsk under the zodiac sign of Aries. I believe that stars influence our fate and character. As you see, I am Aries. They say that Aries is full of energy, a leader, straight talker, ambitious and frank, likes sport, stubborn, hot temper, but quick to apologize. Partially it is true. I cannot admit I am stubborn. Actually, I am persistent. It is different, I think.

As to my appearance, I am rather tall and slim. I have never thought I am a beauty. I wish I were more beautiful. I think I am even-tempered, rather reserved, calm, and modest. But sometimes I can lose my temper and become either angry or sad. I like staying alone and sometimes I retire into my shell. But at the same time I like my friends, I like to laugh and to joke. I have got a sense of humor. It means I understand humor and appreciate it. But unfortunately I am not often witty myself. I think I am able to keep my head when all around me are losing theirs and to stand up to difficulties when things are not going my way. Besides, I am sincere and tolerant, friendly and faithful, hard working and serious.

There are many things in our life, which I like, and some dislike. I like when everything is OK. Being happy is one way of being wise. I like to study because knowledge is useful sometimes. I am fond of reading, as it gives not only knowledge but also wonderful moments of joy and pleasure. Sometimes I enjoy watching TV or listening to the radio, especially when I can hear some wonderful pieces of music. I like music. It makes people better. It awakens the best feelings and high emotions. But there is a thing that makes me crazy. I am fond of horses and equestrian skill. I dislike overcrowded buses. And I hate getting up early. I am happy I have got more things I like than I dislike.

Now I would like to say some words about my family. I live with my father, my mother and my eleven-year-old sister, Masha. We have got a flat in a new block of flats.

My father is a doctor (teacher, engineer, businessman, construction worker, electrician, driver, lawyer, manager, pilot, etc.) and my mother is a housewife (secretary, shop assistant, tailor, book-keeper, cashier, hairdresser, barber, etc.). Masha is at school. We have got a dog and, like many people, a cat.

This year Ive finished school number 41 (lyceum) and entered the University. And now I am a first- year student of the Mechanical Faculty.

 

8. , .

1. , .

2. . , . , , .

3. , , , .

4. - .

5. , , , , .

6. .

7. .

8. .

9. , .

9. .

1. What is your name?

2. What is your surname?

3. When and where were you born?

4. Do you know your zodiac sign?

5. What does your zodiac sign predict? Is it true?

6. Can you describe yourself?

7. What are the strong and the weak traits of your character?

8. There are things that you like and dislike, arent there? What are they?

9. Are you happy?

10. :

1. Your home address.

2. Your family.

3. Your zodiac sign and its predictions.

4. Your likes and dislikes.


STUDENTS DAY

 

1. :

 

alarm-clock, n [c!la:m klZk]
rush hours, n [!rž• aŸcs] -
according to, adv [c!k]:dwŋ]
time-table, n [!tawmtewbl]
to have an opportunity [!]pctjunwtw]
facility, n [!fæswlwtw]
reference-book, n [!refcrcns bŸk]
switch on, v [sww]
get dressed, v [let drest]
tape-recorder, n [!tewp rw!k]:dc]
as a rule [ru:l]
the latest news [nju:z]
over the radio [!rewdwcŸ]
twice a week [!twaws c wi:k]
as soon as [su:n]
to go for a walk [w]:k]
to go in for sports  
to be over [cŸvc]
advise, v [cd! vaws]
get ready, v [!redw]
to go by bus (by tram, by plane, in a taxi, on foot) [bžs / træm 1 plewn] [tæksw / fut] (, , , ),
get up, v [let!žp]
wake smb up, v [wewk žp] -

2. . .

music, radio, university, minute, lecture, seminar, text, information, computer, volley-ball, basket-ball, tennis.

 

 

3. .

 

On weekdays I must get up early. The alarm-clock (my mother) wakes me up at 7. I am not an early riser, thats why it is very difficult for me to get out of bed, especially in winter. As soon as I get up, I switch on my tape-recorder and do morning exercises. Then I take a warm (cold) shower. On weekdays it takes me about a few minutes to get dressed. For breakfast, as a rule, I have a cup of tea, two eggs and a cheese sandwich. While having breakfast I usually listen to the music or the latest news on TV (over the radio). At eight oclock I go to the University by bus (on foot, by car, in a taxi). In rush hours it takes me about twenty minutes to get there.

As the lectures begin at half past eight, I come earlier. According to our time-table we have lectures and training lessons daily. Each week I go to the library to get ready for the seminars. There I take reference-books, text-books, magazines and newspapers which are advised by the teachers. By going to the library and by reading widely I can easily find the information I need. At our University students have an opportunity to take the information working with Internet in the computer classes. When my studies are over I go home and have dinner. (Sometimes I have dinner at the refectory.). Twice a week I go in for playing volley-ball (basket-ball, swimming, tennis, boxing, judo, chess, etc.).

In the evening I help my parents about the house, do my homework, play chess or computer games, read, watch TV or go for a walk with my friends. Usually I go to bed at 12 oclock in the evening. I like the proverb, Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. So I try to do everything in time.

 

4. , .

1. .

2. .

3. , ( ).

4. 9.30., .

5. , .

6. .

7. , , .

8. 12.00.

9. , .

 

5. .

1. What time do you get up on weekdays?

2. What do you do before breakfast?

3. What do you usually have for breakfast?

4. How much time does it take you to get to the University?

5. What time do your lectures begin?

6. How many lectures and training lessons do you have daily?

7. When do you usually have dinner? What do you do after dinner?

8. Do you go in for sports? How many times a week?

9. What is your way of spending evenings (Sundays)?

10. When do you usually go to bed?

11. Do you try to do everything in time?

 

6. .

 

7. My Day Off.

My Day Off

 

Most people in our country work five days a week, but students and pupils work six days. They have only one day off. It is Sunday. I like this day very much. You neednt hurry anywhere, and you may go wherever you like after your weeks work. On this day I wake up later than usual. But sometimes I dont get up till 9 or 10 oclock. I read morning newspapers or listen to the music.

As soon as I get up, I air the room, do my bed and do morning exercises. Then I have breakfast, clear away the dishes and wash up.

Two more hours for getting ready with my homework and I am free. I meet my friends, and we discuss our plans together. We can go to the theatre or cinema, to museums and parks. Last Sunday we went to the Botanical Gardens. There were many beds of spring flowers there: red, yellow and blue. People in light clothes were walking along the paths. The air was fresh and clean. It was pleasant to spend time there.

In fine weather we also like to be out of town. We find a nice place somewhere in the forest or on the bank of the river. We lie in the sun, play different games and swim.

In winter my friends and I often go to the skating-rink: skating is my favorite kind of sport, but I like to ski too. When the weather is bad my friends come to my place.

We listen to the music or go to the cinema. We like films about the life of the youth abroad. On the way home we usually discuss the films weve seen.

In the evening all the members of our family get together. We have our supper, make plans for tomorrow, watch TV or read books. Reading is my hobby. Sometimes we receive guests at our place or go for a walk. I enjoy my day off very much.

 

hurry, v
to air the room
clear away, v
get ready with, v -.
bed of flowers, n
out of town
on the way home

 

8. :

 

1. What time do you get up on weekends?

2. Do you meet your friends on weekends?

3. What do you like to do on weekends?

 

9. :

1. 6 , .

2. , .

3. , .

4. , .

5. , , , .

6. , , .

7. .

8. .

10. () , () .

11. , .

OUR UNIVERSITY

 

1. :

the only [!ounlw]
Hydro-Power Plant [!haidrou!pauc!pla:nt]
hostel [!h]stcl]
workshop [!wc:k•]p]
refectory [rw!fektcrw]
administrate [cd!ministeit] ,
attend [c!tend]
day-time and extra-mural courses [dei taim ekstrc mjucrcl k]:siz] (, )
tuition [tju:!i•n]
correspondence [k]ri!sp]ndcns]
admission (to) [cd!mi•n] ()
competitive system [kcm!petctiv]
entrants [entcnt]
remote areas [ri!mout!fcric]
power engineering [!pauc /eni!nicriŋ]
civil and industrial engineering  
mechanical controllable systems [mi!kcnikcl kcntroulcbl]  
wood engineering  
department [di!pa:tmcnt]
assistant professor (Am)  
such as [!sž cz]
strength of materials [streŋ›]
applied electrical engineering  
heat and power engineering [!hi:t cnd pauc]  
motor transport  
social sciences [!sou•cl!saicnsiz]
focus (on) [!foukcs] , ()
process control [!prouscs kcn!troul]  
the humanities [hju!mænitiz]  
school for higher learning  
humanitarian faculty [!fækclti]  
school for higher learning in management   [!mæncmcnt]
natural sciences faculty [nærcl saicns]   -

 

2. . , .

()

( )

,

 


 

3. .

Our University

The Bratsk State Technical University is the only school for higher learning in our town. It is situated on the left bank of the Angara not far from the Hydro-Power Plant. Our University with a block of flats for teachers, hostels, workshops, educational buildings, refectory makes up a whole township.

The origin of the Bratsk University goes back to the foundation of the Irkutsk Polytechnic Institute.

It (our University) is administrated by a rector and some deputy rectors.

As many as twelve thousand students attend day-time and extra-mural courses. But the main tuition is given by day-time.

Admission to our University, as well as to other Institutes and Universities of our country, is based on a competitive system. Many entrants to the University come from remote areas.

There are 14 faculties at the University: power engineering, mechanical controllable systems, wood engineering, humanitarian, natural sciences, correspondence and others.

Each faculty is divided into departments of 10-25 staff led by professors and assistant professors.

Our teachers deliver lectures and hold seminars on different subjects such as: physics, chemistry, higher mathematics, strength of materials, applied electrical engineering, heat and power engineering, motor transport, social sciences, foreign languages and many others.

During the third-fifth years the students specialize in their main areas of interest. Their interest is focused on fundamental industrial techniques. Process control and computer programming are also included in the curriculum.

The different courses include also aspects on pollution and environmental problems.

In the fifth year the student is required to write a diploma thesis. The work can be performed either at the University or in industry. The aim of the diploma work is to train the students in individual research, in planning investigations and in presenting their results in a written report. The diploma work could thus be the beginning of a research career or lead to employment in industry.

After graduating from the University the students get the Diploma in Higher Education.

It should be emphasized that our University possesses good training facilities: auditoriums, laboratories, libraries, gymnasiums with the latest equipment. There are also hostels with all conveniences. Practically all non-Bratsk students live there.

Our students receive grants.

4. :

1. The only higher school in our town

2. Not far from the Hydro Power Plant

3. With a block of flats for teachers, hostels, workshops, educational buildings, refectory

4. As many as thousand students

5. The same to other Institutes of our country

6. The students specialize in their main areas of interest

7. During the second semester of the fifth year

8. Either at the University or in industry

9. The beginning of a research career

10. It should be emphasized that

11. Our University possesses good training facilities

 

5. . , .

6. . . .

1. Where is your University situated?

2. Is the University administrated by the deans?

3. Are there eight faculties at the University?

4. What are they?

5. Each faculty is divided into departments, isnt it?

6. What subjects do students study?

7. Are process control and computer programming included in the curriculum?

8. When do the fifth year students write a diploma thesis?

9. Can the diploma work lead to employment in industry?

10. After graduating from the University youll get the Diploma in Higher Education, wont you?

11. Do you live at the hostel?

7. .

9000 students

more than 10,000 students

16 faculties

8 deputy rectors

10-25 staff

a third - year student

250 rubles

500 roubles

 

8. :

A school of higher learning

A block of flats

Educational building, deputy rector

Day-time courses

Extra-mural courses

The main area of interest

Environmental problem

Individual research

Written report

Research career

Training facilities

 

9. :

1. Bratsk is situated on the left bank of the Angara.

2. The work can be performed at the University.

3. The origin of the Bratsk University dates back to the foundation of Irkutsk Polytechnic.

4. Our University possesses good training facilities.

10. .

BRATSK

 

1. .

 

go back [loŸ bæk]
inhabitants [wnh!æbwta:nt]
fortress [!f]:trws] ,
hence [!hens]
place of interest [plews cv!wntrwst]
entire [wn!tawc] , ,
anniversary [ænw!vc:scr w]
achievement [c!w:vmcnt]
boarding house [b]:dwŋ haus]
among [c!mž ŋ]

 

2. , .

 

Id like to tell you about Bratsk. Bratsk is a Siberian town on the river Angara. The history of the developing of the Angara goes back to the 17th century, when in 1631 the Cossacks with Maxim Perfilyev at the head built a small fortress on the right bank of the Angara. The Russian Cossacks called the local Buryat inhabitants brotherly people and hence the fortress became known as Bratsk.

Bratsks new life began in the middle of 1950s. In December 1954 first builders came here to build a new town and Hydro-Power Plant. In 1961 the first generating units of the Plant were put on line and in 1967 the entire Station went into regular commercial service.

Now Bratsk is a modern town. More than 280000 people live here. The pride of inhabitants is the 50th Anniversary of October Hydro-Power Plant. It is the principal place of interest in Bratsk.

Bratsk is one of the industrial centres in Siberia. There are a lot of industrial enterprises here. The largest of them are Bratsk Aluminium Plant and Timber Industry Complex. The output of these enterprises is well known in the world.

Bratsk is also a cultural centre. There are two theatres in Bratsk: professional puppet theatre and drama theatre. There are a lot of cinemas and three big Palaces of Culture. If you are interested in history of Siberia and Bratsk you can visit museums. There is the Bratsk Museum of Regional Studies, Angara Village and the Museum of Labour Achievements.

Inhabitants of Bratsk have all opportunities to have a good rest. There is a great number of libraries, stadiums, swimming pools here. The Angara is also a favorite resting place. There are rest-homes, camps and boarding houses on its shores. Excellent bob-sleigh track in Bratsk is well up to the international standards.

The only trouble of Bratsk people is that Bratsk is among 10 the most polluted towns of Russia. Bratsk people hope that struggle for clean environment is the most important thing in our time.

So it is the short information about Siberian town Bratsk.

 

3. .

 

hydro [!hawdrou]  
industrial [wn!džstrwcl]  
aluminium [ælju!mwncm]  
industry [!wndžstrw]  
cultural [!kžlcrcl]  
stadium [!stædwum]  

 

4. a) , b) .

 

) , , , , , , , , .

b) 1961 .

. .

 

5. ( ), :

 

entire station

puppet theatre

to have a good rest

the only trouble

 

6. . , . .

 

1. There are ____________ industrial enterprises here.

2. The history of _____________ of the Angara goes back to ________.

3. Bratsks new life began in _________ _________.

4. _________ bob-sleigh track in Bratsk is __________ to the ________ _________.

5. Bratsk is among 10 ___________ towns of Russia.

 

7. , . .

 

1. Where is Bratsk situated?

2. What century does the history of Bratsk go back?

3. Who were the first settlers on the banks of the Angara?

4. When were the first generating units of the station put on line?

5. What are the largest industrial enterprises in Bratsk?

6. What places of interest in Bratsk do you know?

7. What is your favourite town in Russia?

 

8. .

 

9. .

1.Who was Avvakum?

2.Why was he exiled?

3. Where can you see the towers of Fort now?

There is a historical legend associated with the tower in Bratsk Fort. Bratsk Fort, like many other remote parts of Siberia, was a place of banishment. Rumour has it that it was in this tower that one of the most vident schismatics of the 17th century was imprisoned for a while the indomitable archpriest Avvakum, unfrocked, anathematised, whipped but still a militant fighter for the old belief. The second of the two towers surviving those times was taken to the Kolomenskoye Estate - museum in Moskow.

1. How many rivers flow into Baikal?

2. What did old Baikal do to stop his daughter?

Id like to tell you a legend about the Angara. According to a legend, old Baikal was brought gifts of water by his 336 sons large, small and tiny mountain rivers (554 according to new calculations). To counterbalance her brothers Angara, Baikals the only daughter, carried out into the world between her broad banks Baikals precious water, which had settled in the Siberian lake for 4 centuries. The Angara is a restive river. The legend of old man Baikal and his wilful daughter Angara tells how Baikal threw the Shaman Stone after his daughter as she was running to her hero Yenisei, but he failed to stop her.

 

10. Bratsk.

 

THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

 

1.

) ;

) :

 

) the Baltic Sea [!b]:ltwk!si:]
the Pacific Ocean [pc!swfwk!ou•n]
the Arctic Ocean [!a:ktwk!ou•n]
the Sea of Azov [!si:cv!a:zov]
China [7awnc]
Finland [7fwnlcnd]
Norway [n]:wew]
Georgia []:jc]
Siberia [sawbwrwc]
Asia [!ew•c]
Europe [!jucrcp]
) vast [va:st] ,
stretch [stre]
due to [dju:]
valley [vælw]
bare [7bec] ,
desert [dezct]
pure [pjuc]
deposit [dw!p]zwt]
current   [!kžrent] , ( )
densely [!denswlw]

 

2. .

 

Russia

Russia is one of the largest countries in the world. The vast territory of the Russian Federation stretches from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east, from the Arctic Ocean in the North to the Sea of Azov in the south. It occupies the northern part of Asia and the eastern part of Europe.

Russia borders on many countries, such as Mongolia and China in the south-east, Finland and Norway in the north-west, Georgia in the south, to name only a few.

Due to the large territory, the climate and nature are of various types in Russia. In Siberia, for example, the climate is continental, it is very cold in winter, but summers may be very hot and dry. In the central part of Russia the climate is rather mild: winters are seldom too cold, and summers are more often warm than hot. The climate in the south is tropical, with hot summers and warm winters; the temperature is usually above zero all year round.

Russia is a country of thick forests and wide valleys, of high mountains and bare deserts. There are a lot of great rivers and deep lakes on its territory. The longest rivers are the Volga in Europe and the Ob, the Yenisey and the Lena in Asia. The largest lakes are Ladoga and Baikal. Baikal is the deepest lake in the world and its water is the purest on earth.

The Russian Federation is rich in natural and mineral resources. It has deposits of oil, gas, coal, iron, gold and many others.

The current population of Russia is about 150 million people. The European part of Russia is densely peopled, and most people live in cities, towns and their outskirts.

The capital of the Russian Federation is Moscow, with the population of about 10 million people,

 

3. :

; ; ; ; -; -; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; 10 .

4. , :

vast, Europe, due to, mild, thick, forests, the longest rivers, the largest lakes, deposits, current, Moscow

 

5. :

 

low, thin, shallow, cool, narrow, poor, wet, monotonous, shortest, smallest, muddiest.

 

6. , .

1.Russia is one the largest countries the world. 2. It occupies the northern part Asia and the eastern part Europe. 3. Russia borders many countries, such as Mongolia and China the south-east, Finland and Norway the north-west, Georgia the south. 4. Due the large territory, the climate and nature are various types Russia. 5. Siberia, example, the climate is continental. 6. The climate the south is tropical, hot summers and warm winters. 7. The temperature is usually zero all year round. 8. Russia is a country thick forests and wide valleys, high mountains and bare deserts. 9. There are a lot great rivers and deep lakes its territory. 10. The Russian Federation is rich natural and mineral resources. 11. The capital the Russian Federation is Moscow, the population about 10 million people.

 

7. :

1. What oceans is Russia washed by? 2. What countries does the Russian Federation border on? 3. What is the climate like in Russia? 4. What Russian rivers are the longest rivers in Europe and Asia? 5. What is lake Baikal famous for? 6. What mineral resources is the Russian Federation rich in? 7. How large is the current population of Russia?

 

8. , .

1. There are lot of great rivers and deep lakes on its territory. 2. longest rivers are Volga in Europe and Ob, Yenisey and Lena in Asia. 3. largest lakes are Ladoga and Baikal. 4. lake Baikal is deepest in world. 5. The current population of Russia is about 150 million people. 6. European part of Russia is densely peopled.

 

9. Russia.

 

 

GREAT BRITAIN

1. :

 

include [wn!klu:d]
island [!awlcnd]
isle [awl]
Ireland [!awclcnd]
strait [strewt]
Dover [!dcuvc]
surface [!sc:fws]
mountainous [!mauntwncs]
current [!kžrcnt] ,
harbour [!ha:bc] ,
influence [!wnflucns] ,
Celtic [!keltwk] ()
industrialized [wndžstrwc!lawzd]
whole [hcul] ,
ancient [!ewn•cnt] ,
monarchy [!m]nckw]
government [!lžvnmcnt]

 

2. , [ ] ]. .

North, people, most, thousand, one, government, London, monarchy, not.

 

3. . .

 

1. Great Britain, the largest island in Europe, includes England, Scotland and Wales.

2. Great Britain and Northern Ireland form the United Kingdom.

3. The greater part of the surface of England and Ireland is flat.

4. The winter is not very cold, the summer is not very hot.

5. About 60 million people now live in the British Isles.

6. Great Britain is one of the most highly industrialized countries of the world.

7. The capital of Great Britain is London.

8. Great Britain is a parliamentary monarchy.

9. The Queen (or the King) is at the head of the state.

10. The British Parliament consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords.

11. The Prime Minister is at the head of the government.

 

4. :

 

. larger .

. smaller .

great . .

. . slowest

ancient . .

. . the most famous

high . .

. broader .

5. , . 1.

 

 

The British Isles

 

The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and about five thousand smaller ones.

Great Britain, the largest island in Europe, includes England, Scotland and Wales. It is separated from Ireland by the Irish Sea, from the European Continent by the North Sea, the English Channel and the Strait of Dover. Great Britain and Northern Ireland form the United Kingdom.

The greater part of the surface of England and Ireland is flat. The surface of Scotland and Wales is mountainous. The highest mountain in the United Kingdom is Ben Nevis in Scotland. The chief rivers can be used by ships. They have slow currents and broad mouths. So the rivers are suitable for commerce. The coastline has excellent harbours. The sea enters deeply into the land and has a great influence on the climate. The winter is not very cold, and the summer is not very hot.

About 60 million people now live in the British Isles. Nearly all of them speak English, but some speak Celtic languages. Great Britain is one of most highly industrialized countries in the world. It lives by industry and trade. There are some great seaports in Britain, such as London, Newcastle, Liverpool, Glasgow and others.

The capital of Great Britain is London. It is the seat of the government of the whole country. London is ancient, many centuries old. It is also the centre of British cultural life and famous for its places of interest.

Great Britain is a parliamentary monarchy. The Queen or the King is at the head of the state. The country is ruled by the government in the name of the Queen (Monarch).

The British Parliament consists of two Houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The Prime Minister is at the head of the government.

 

 

6. :

1. How many islands do the British Isles consist of?

2. By what seas is Great Britain separated from Ireland?

3. Are the rivers suitable for commerce?

4. What influences the climate of Great Britain?

5. How many people live in the British Isles?

6. What kind of country is Great Britain?

7. Great Britain is the parliamentary monarchy, isnt it?

8. Is London the capital of Great Britain?

9. By whom is the country ruled?

10. What chambers does the British Parliament consist of?

11. Who is at the head of the Government?

7. :

 

, -, , , , , , , , .

 

8. :

1. About 60 million people now live in the British Isles.

2. The country is ruled by the Government in the name of the Queen.

 

9. :

1. Kingdom, form, United, Great Britain, Northern, and, the, Ireland.

2. Many, London, is, centuries, ancient, old.

3. Scotland, highest, is, the United Kingdom, in, mountain, in, the, Ben Nevis.

 

10. :

1. An English mans home is his castle.

2. A little learning is a dangerous thing.

3. Clothes do not make a man.

4. Dont teach fishes to swim.

5. Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.

6. A man is as old as he feels, and a woman is as old as she looks.

.

 

11. .


THE USA

 

1. :

1. to be situated [7swtjŸ!ewtwd] , ;

2. to be washed [7wZ•t] ;

3. to include [wn!klu:d] - ;

4. prairie [!precrw] ;

5. Armed Forces [Y:md f]:swz]- ;

6. to differ from [!dwfc frZm] ;

7. mass-media [7mæs!mi:dwc] ;

8. to extend [wk!stend] , ;

9. drought [draŸt] .

 

2. .

The USA

 

The United States of America is situated in the central part of the North American continent. It is washed by the Pacific Ocean and by the Atlantic Ocean.

As to population, it is the fourth largest country in the world. Nearly 240 million people live there.

There are great climatic variations between different regions of the country. The eastern continental region is well watered with rainfalls. It includes all the Atlantic seaboard and southeastern states and extends to the west to cover Indiana. The climate of the prairie lands lying to the west is drought.

The United States of America is a federal republic consisting of fifty states; every state has its own governor, its own police, and its own laws. The present Constitution was proclaimed in 1787 in Philadelphia. The president is the head of the whole country and the government, and is the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. The president term is 4 years.

The United States flag is called the Stars and Stripes. It has thirteen stripes and fifty white stars on a blue field.

The USA is one of the most highly developed capitalist states. The country is rich in a variety of mineral resources. The USA has a highly developed railway system. American agriculture produces more food products than any other capitalist country.

The educational system of the USA differs from the system in some countries. The elementary school is followed by four or six years of the secondary school or high school as it is called. Many Americans go on to institutions of higher education when they leave school. If they want to go on to college or university, they often take college admission tests. The capital of the United States of America is Washington.

New York is the largest city and port in the United States. It is the industrial and cultural center of the country. It is the financial and business center of the capitalist world.

It is also the center of the political life, the center of the mass media and the worlds biggest bank center. N.Y. is the economic capital of the USA with a population of nearly eight million.

 

3. , :

1) Where is the USA situated?

2) What is the population of the USA?

3) What is called American prairie?

4) What does the USA owe its high level of economic development to?

5) What are the main mineral resources of the country?

6) How can you characterize the USA industry?

7) When do American children begin to go to school?

8) What is the first school called?

9) For how many years do children learn in the elementary school?

10) Where can they study after finishing secondary school?

11) What is the capital of the USA?

12) What kind of city is New York?

13) What is typical for N.Y.?

 

4. -.

 

5. , .

 

1. .

2. .

3. a) ;

b) ;

4. .

5. .

6. .

7. .

8. a) ;

b) ;

c) ;

9. 16 .


 

6. ( ), :

a) there are great climatic variations;

b) the eastern continental region;

c) it includes all the Atlantic seaboard;

d) lying to the west is drought;

e) th

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