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IP




1

TCP/IP

 

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IP - .

, , IP- , - . . , IP-.

IP-

- 0, .

, 3 .

, 1 126. ( 0 , 127 , .)

, 224, - 16 777 216 . , IP- 102.56.187.5 102 56.187.5.

- 10, ( , IP- 128 191).

16 , 2 . , IP- 154.2.91.240 154.2 91.240.

, 216, 65 536 .

- 110, ( , IP- 192 223).

24 , - 8 .

28, 256.

, .

- 1110, D , - multicast.

D, , . .

- 11110, , .

.

, , .

A   1.0.0.0 126.0.0.0 224
B   128.0.0.0 191.255.0.0 216
C   192.0.1.0 223.255.255.0 28
D   224.0.0.0 239.255.255.255 Multicast
E   240.0.0.0 247.255.255.255

, ,

, - , - . ( ) , 8, 16 24 , - 24, 16 8 .

, :+

() A 1 to 126 B 128 to 191 C 192 to 223

IP-

, IP-, , IP-, :

1) IP- , , ;

0 0 0 0................................... 0 0 0 0

ICMP.

2) , , , , .

0 0 0 0.......0

IP- . , 199.60.32 IP- 199.60.32.0 .

3) IP- 1, , , .

1 1 1 1.........................................1 1

(limited broadcast).

4) , , , . , 192.190.21.255 192.190.21.0.

1111................11

(broadcast).

, IP-.

, ,

, .

, , , 2.

, 8 , 256 : 0 255. 254, 0 255 .

IP-, 127.

. IP- 127.0.0.1, "". , , .

IP- IP-, 127!

loopback.

A... ( , ) 10.0.0.0 , 0. 10.0.1.0 10.255.255.255 , 1 B... ( , ) 172.17.0.0 B 172.17.0.1 172.17.255.255 C... ( , ) 192.168.3.0 C 192.168.3.42 192.168.3.255

IP C.

 

IP

, . - , ?

. , , "".

- 32- , , IP-. IP-, .

:

, IP- , .

IP- (, ) , . :

- , IP- , ,

- , , .

, :

 - 11111111. 00000000. 00000000. 00000000 (255.0.0.0);

 - 11111111. 11111111. 00000000. 00000000 (255.255.0.0);

 - 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 (255.255.255.0).

, , IP- , IP .

:

185.23.44.206 255.255.255.0, , - 185.23.44.0, 185.23.0.0, .

!:

, , 8, .

: IP- 129.64.134.5 255.255.128.0 :

IP- 129.64.134.5 - 10000001. 01000000.10000110. 00000101

255.255.128.0 - 11111111.11111111.10000000. 00000000

IP "-", , , 129.64.134.5 , , 2 - 129.64.0.0, - 0.0.134.5.

, 17 , "" IP-, :

10000001. 01000000. 10000000. 00000000

- 129.64.128.0, 0.0.6.5.

IP-, .

, !

IP

, Internet, , .

, , , .

IP- InterNIC (Network Information Center), . InterNIC Internet - . IP- Internet .

:

IP- , Internet ?

, , , , Internet ( " "), IP-, , . : . .

, - Internet, IP-! Internet. , IP-, . IP-, .

IP

. , - intranet ( Internet), .

Internet !

. , , , 256.

IP- IP-
A 10.0.0.0 10.255.255.255 16 777 216
B 172.16.0.0 172.31.255.255 65 536
C 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255  

Internet , , .

: - , "".





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