.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


3




E(A, Z) E(A, Z-1) - ; mn, mp me - , .

Qe = E( 7Li) - E( 7Be) - 0.78 = (39.3 - 37.6 - 0.78) ~ 0,9 .

TLi, - . - , - :

; ;

.

 

11. -- 64Cu (64Cu 64Zn + e + e)
1) = 0, 2) Te = 0. 64Cu - 559.32 64Zn - 559.12 .

--

= E(A,Z+1) - E(A, Z) + (mn - mp)c2 - mec2 = E(A,Z+1) - E(A,Z) + 0.78 = 0.58 ,

E(A, Z) E(A, Z + 1) - ; mn, mp me - , . - - :

1) = 0.

, , pZn - , pe - ,
mZn - 64Zn.

.

, .. me << mZn, TZn <<

.

2) Te = 0.

.

.

12. -
(114Cd) = -90.021 , (114In) = -88.379 (114Sn) = -90.558 .
- 114In.

114In b - :

-- - 114In 114Sn + e - + e,
+- - 114In 114Cd + e + + e,
e- - 114In + e - 114Cd + e.

, .
:

-- - = (A,Z) - (A,Z+1);
+- - = (A, Z) - (A, Z -1) - 2 me 2;
e- - Qe = (A, Z) - (A, Z -1);

(A, Z) - , (A, Z + 1) (A, Z - 1) - , me - . :

-- - = 90.558 - 88.379 = 2.179 > 0;
+- - = 90.021 - 88.379 - 1.022 = 0.62 > 0;
e- - Qe = 90.021 - 88.379 = 1.642 > 0;

, 114In - .

13. , - 42Sc , 32P - -.

- , l, , . , , -, . -

i + j = 0, Pi = Pf ,
i + j = 0, 1 ( 0 0 ), Pi = Pf -, i f .

42Sc (0+) 42Ca (0+): Pi = Pf i + j = 0, .
32P (1+) 32Sc (0+): Pi = Pf i + j = 1, - .

14. -:

  1. 89Sr(5/2+) 89Y(1/2-);
  2. 36Cl(2+) 36Ar(0+);
  3. 137Cs(7/2+) 137Ba(3/2+).

, l, . l = 1, , l = 2 - .. :

.

  1. 89Sr(5/2+) 89Y(1/2-) - :
    J = 2; l = 1; Pi = (-1)3 Pf -
    J = 3; l = 3; Pi = (-1)3 Pf - .
    - , - .
  2. 36Cl(2+) 36Ar(0+) - :
    J = 2; l = 2; Pi = (-1)2 Pf - - .
  3. 137Cs(7/2+) 137Ba(3/2+) - :
    J = 2, 3; l = 2; Pi = (-1)2,4 Pf - -
    J = 4, 5; l = 4; Pi = (-1)4,6 Pf - b - .
    - .

15. 17Ne , 17F, e - 17Ne. E(17Ne) = 112.91 , E(17F) = 128.23 E(16O)=126.63 .

17Ne + e - 17F* + e 16O + p. 17F* e -

Emax(17F*) = Qe = E(17F) - E.(17Ne) - 0.78 = 128.23 - 112.91 = 14.54 .

17F

p = E (A, Z) - E (A -1, Z -1) = E (17F) - E (16O) = 128.23 - 126.63 = 1.6 .


16. -:

1) 1- 0+, 4) 2+ 3-,
2) 1+ 0+, 5) 2+ 3+,
3) 2- 0+, 6) 2+ 2+.

, , -. J . Jmin= 1. J ( ).
(EJ) (MJ). P = (-1)J. P = (-1)J+1.

  1. 1- 0+ - J = 1; P = -1, E1;
  2. 1+ 0+ - J = 1; P = +1, M1;
  3. 2- 0+ - J = 2; P = -1, M2;
  4. 2+ 3- - J = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; P = -1, E1, M2, E3, M4, E5; E1;
  5. 2+ 3+ - J = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; P = +1, M1, E2, M3, E4, M5; M1 E2;
  6. 2+ 2+ - J = 1, 2, 3, 4; P = +1, M1, E2, M3, E4; M1 E2.

17. 208Pb 4- 3.475 . .

T1/2 - J .

EJ - ,
MJ - ,

R - .

E(JP = 4-) = 3.475 :

(4- 5-) J = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9; Pi / Pf = +1 M1 + E2 + M3 + E4 + M5 + E6 + M7 + E8 + M9; M1 + E2;

(4- 3-) J = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7; Pi / Pf = +1 M1 + E2 + M3 + E4 + M5 + E6 + M7; M1 + E2;

(4- 0+) J = 4; Pi / Pf = - 1 M4.

, (4- 5-) (4- 3-). (4- 3-),
E (4- 3-) = 3.475 - 2.610 = 0.865
E (4- 5-) = 3.475 - 3.197 = 0.278 , , , , , .

, 208Pb E(JP = 4-) = 3.475 (4- 3- 0+).

18. , l ,

,

w - , Ze l - . , - 1 A 70.

, A =70 Z =30 - R = r0 A 1/3, r0 = 1.2 . - N, , :

.

:

19. = 1 (T = 300 K).

,

T - , k - . -

.

, A = 50. , T = 300 K kT = 0.025 ,

20. , 238U.

Qf = (m - 2m) = 2W - W, m m - , W W - .

,

a1 = 15.78 , a2 = 17.8 , a3 = 0.71 , a4 = 94.8 , a5 = 0 A, a5 = +34 - a5 = - 34 - . a5/A3/4 .

(A, Z) (A, Z) : A = A/2 Z = Z/2. - :

.

.

Qf

 

1. , 8Be.

,

1. + 8Be + , 5. + 10Be 8Be + d,
2. d + 6Li 8Be + , 6. p + 10B 8Be + 3He,
3. p + 7Li 8Be + , 7. p + 11B 8Be + ,
4. + 9Be 8Be + n, 8. p + 10B 8Be + .

 

2. Tmin , 16O(n, )13C?

, , . :

Q = 8.071 - 4.737 - 2.424 -3.125 = -2.215

T (2.14a):

Tmin = T = 2.215(1 + 1/17) = 2.35 .

3. 6Li(d, )4He ? : (d) = 1.11; () = 7.08; (6Li) = 5.33.





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