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6. If two goods are substitutes for each other, an increase in the price of one will necessarily:
a) decrease the demand for the other;
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c) decrease the quantity demanded of the other;
d) increase the quantity demanded of the other.
7. The income of a consumer decreases and his/her demand for a particular good increases. It can be concluded that the good is:
a) normal;
b) inferior;
c) a substitute;
d) a complement.
1. d=20-p, - s=4p-5. .
2. : d=10-p, : s=2p-2. , :
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3. Assume, that demand for a commodity is represented by the equation P=10-
0, 2Qd and supply by the equation P=2+0,2Qs. Solve the equation to determine equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity.
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-
- excise tax welfare payments
, - - trade policy
- Laffer curve - monetary policy spillover cost
- public debt - tax evasion -
average tax rate
- ability- to-pay principle
- state budget - public sector - government expenditures
() - government revenues - public saving - public borrowing
- public finance - value added - economic role of government
- environmental pollution
- mixed economy - financial year - external debt - indirect business taxes
- tax system - income redistribution
- tax subsidy - tax
- payroll tax
- corporate income tax - sales tax -
death and gift tax
- double taxation
- incomes policy - seigniorage - fiscal policy - budget surples
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13. What is the difference between the budget deficit and the public debt?
14. What is the difference between avoiding taxes and evading them?
15. Why might higher tax rates or new taxes be needed for the Ukrainian government? What options might be considered?
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d) they can be produced only if large spillover costs are incurred.
7. Which of the following is the largest source of the tax revenues of the Ukrainian government?
a) excise taxes;
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c) personal income tax;
d) value-added tax.
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2. , 500 . . 500 1 000 . 20%, 1 000 1 500 . - 30%, 1 500 . - 40%. 1 800 ., ? . ?
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2. . ϳ / . . . - : -2000, 2006. - . 281 - 360.
3. : . ϳ / . . . . .: - , 2008. - . 267 -315.
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proprietorship
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13. What is the difference between a plant and a firm? Between a firm and an industry?
14. What are the principal advantages and disadvantages of each type of the three legal forms of business organization?
15. Why can the distinction between fixed and variable costs be made in the short run?
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b) 20 percents of the partnerships debts, no matter how large the amount;
c) 100 percent of the partnerships debts, no matter how large the amount;
d) a percentage of the partnerships debts, determined by initial the ownership share;
e) none of the partnerships debts.
7. The term,,limited liability is frequently used in enumerating the characteristics of a corporation. It means that:
a) any officer of the corporation is strictly limited in his or her ability to speak for the corporation and commit it to any liability;
b) once shareholders have paid for their stock, they have no further financial obligations, regardless of how much trouble the corporation gets into;
c) the corporations liability to pay dividends to its stockholders is a limited one, since it need pay them only if it has earned a profit;
d) there are certain obligations which a corporation can legally refuse to pay;
e) the corporation has only a limited obligation to meet claims made by any single person or firm against it.
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2. . ϳ / . . . - : - 2000, 2006. - . 361 - 378.
3. : . ϳ / . . . . .: - , 2008. - . 343 - 385.
4. . . . - .: , 2005. - . 86 - 92; 98 - 121.
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- household - dissaving - efficiency
wage
- saving - present value - breakeven point
- borrowing constraint
- liquidity - wage - earning - earned income () - wealth - property income - income inequality - personal income - personal
saving
- poverty line - poverty rate - average propensity to consume (APS) - marginal propensity to consume (MPS) - precaution- nary saving
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13. What factors have contributed to increased income inequality in the past decade or so?
14.Should society attempt to equalize income or economic opportunities?
15.What is the difference between a functional and a personal distribution of income?
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6. There are in Ukraine approximately how many households:
a) 17 million;
b) 46 million;
c) 10 million;
d) 12 million;
7. Absolute or total equality in an income distribution would appear on a Lorentz- curve chart as a:
a) curved line well bowed out from the diagonal;
b) curved line close to the diagonal;
c) right-angled line;
d) 45 diagonal line;
) none of the preceding.
1. 5 000 ., 4 000 . 8 000 . 6 000 . S.
2. Assume Peter, Carol, Steve, Olga and Sophy receive incomes of 5000; 2500; 17501; 1500 UAN respectively.
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- 158; 165 - 177.
3. . ., . ., . . / . . . . - .: , 2008. - . 58 - 90.
4. . . : . - .: , 2002. - . 16 - 27.
-
- depreciation - base year - - GDP gap - expenditures approach
- disposable income
- government expenditures
-value added -
proprietors income
- illegal economic activities , - total spending (expenditures) - changes in inventories - investment spending
- final goods - components of expenditures
- property tax - property income - work in process
- non-resident - leakage 풺 - injections
- undistributed corporate profit - personal income - personal consumption expenditures - value- added tax
- double taxation
- multiple counting - GDP per capita - imputed value - intermediate goods - national income accounting
- real gross domestic product - consumption expenditures
() -
transfer payments
- labor income
- actual GDP
- net
domestic product
- net export
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13.Of what use is national income accounting to the economist and to the policy makers in the economy?
14. Why does GDP exclude nonproductive transactions?
15. How do you define a static, an expanding, and a declining economy? What is the relationship between gross investment and the capital consumption allowance in these three economies?
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