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93:37.018.32(477.6) 192
The establishment of the network of institutions for physically handicapped and morally defective children in Donetsk guberniya at the beginning of 1920s
ANNA VOLOSHINOVA
(Donetsk National University)
Purpose. The article is dedicated to one of the methods of fighting with child homelessness, namely the establishment of the network of institutions for physically handicapped and morally defective children of Donetsk guberniya in 1920s. Based on the findings of the work with archival sources, the article gives consideration to reasons for the establishment of the network of institutions and their types. Besides, the article analyses the peculiarities of the educational and educative system of these institutions. An author exposes a concept Defective children, analyses the first legislative documents of soviet power, sent to their education.
Approach. The study is based on critical analysis of the sources of Donetsk Oblast State Archive, namely regulatory acts, record keeping documents of local authorities, papers of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (bolsheviks) and its local branches. Consequently, the content and types of the source range is quite revealing and varied, which gives the opportunity to conduct an objective research of the issue. It begins with a short historiographical review of the problem being analyzed, at the end of which an author comes to the conclusion about the actuality of the topic of the research.
Findings. The result of the conducted study is the determination of the role of mentioned institutions in satisfaction of the society needs, the identification of the function of the Soviet state in regards to the socialization of physically handicapped and morally defective children on the first stages of their personal formation. The special attention applies on becoming and functioning of establishments for defective children on territory of the Donetsk province in an indicated period. An author is trace quantitative composition of pupils and pedagogical personnel, examined to the feature of the educator system, namely: the daily routine, workshops, selfgovernment and self-service, the characteristic features of work of Commission are distinguished in matters of minor in a region.
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Research implications. The study of this issue reveals new pages of history of the Soviet authorities fight with juvenile delinquency spread among homeless children of Donbas at the beginning of 1920s.
Value. The development of this subject has a practical value for public institutions efforts in solving the issue of children‟s homelessness and delinquency in modern times. The thing is that currently our country is incapable of fully liquidating the mentioned social problems.
Keywords: defective children, homelessness, child neglect, delinquency, orphanage, reformatory, collector.
