4. , 3. , 5, ,.
1.3. .
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: [1], 6-7, . 16-24; [2], 6,7, . 19-25.
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1: , , .
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n .
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1) ,
2) ,
3) .
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3. , , .
B=() V V. , B ().
4. . .
B , (). .
5. ,
1. ?
2. , , ? . ?
3. . ?
4. , , , , ?
5. : , , ?
6. : 1) ; 2) ?
7. , , : 1) ; 2) ?
8. B=() V:
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1) B?
2) B΄=()?
1. . ?
1. :
. , , .
2. . . , , , : , .
3. , , . , .
: . . . : . .
2. . - , .
.
. O . , , .
3. (3, -1), (1, -2), (-1, 7). , .
. () - , , , (p1,p2). , , : p1= 3 + 1 - 1, p2= -1 -2 + 7), . . (3, 4).
a b - , , =a +b . , ():
= , = , = , = .
= + =
a() + b ().
, 3 = 3a+b, 4= -a - 2b, a=2, b= -3. =2 - 3 .
4. , 10 / - , .
.
- , - ( ) . - ,
| | = | |sin = 5 | = = os =5 . , 5 /, 5 /.
1. , . ?
2. , , + =3 - .
3. ABCDA1B1C1D1, P F AD AA1 . , : ) ; ) ; ) ; ) .
4. (-2,3,4), (7,0,2) (-6,5,-1). -3 + =4 +5 +3 .
5. ABCD (. M N AB CD, P .
1) , ;
2)
6. , , , , , : ) (6,4,2), (-9,6,3), (-3,6,3); ) (5,2,1), (-1,4,2), (-1,-1,6); ) (6,-18,12), (-8,20,-16), (8,7,3).
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7. 1(0,-3,0), 2(-2,0,5), 3(0,2,-1), 4(0,0,4), 5(1,0,0), 6(0,1,-3), 7(1,-2,7), 8(0,0,0), (, : 1) ; 2) .
8. , . , , : ) (-3,0,2), (2,1,-4), (3,-2,4); ) (1,0,7), (-1,2,4), (3,2,1); ) (5,-1,4), (3,-5,2), (-1,-13,-2).
9. ABCA1B1C1. , , M BCC1B1, N A1B1C1.
1. , C AB , λ, = λ +(1- λ) .
2. , , α, β γ α - β , γ - α , β - γ .
3. ABCD, AB CD. , = = .