: Ε = kx 2/2 + /2. x (t) (t), (3.3), E (t), . 3.2. . r = r , d E/ d t = r .
, d E/ d t < 0, , = 0. (β << ω0) E (t) :
, (3.6)
d E/ d t = 2β E. (3.7)
β :
1. τ , . = 0-β t ,
τ = 1/β. (3.8)
τ . , , . , τ , , , , , (, 5/β 100 ).
2. .
, (3.9)
. λ , 1 . , λ = 0,01 1 1%. ,
λ = 1/ N e, (3.10)
N e τ, .
(β << ω0) λ . (3.9),
, (3.11)
, β << ω0 , (3.7), δ / = 2β Τ = 2λ,
λ = δ / 2 . (3.12)
3. . ,
Q = π / λ = π N e. (3.13)
.
(β << ω0), (3.12),
Q ≈ 2π Ε / δ Ε. (3.14)
, (3.4) : β < ω0, (β ≥ ω0) : , , .
1.
1. . . .
|
|
2. . x.
3. x .
4. mg = kx, mg (x) ( g 9.81 /2 ). , . . ( ), (k = const) . k. .
5. , , , . m x, . , k , .
6. :
m, | ε m | x, | ε x | , / | ε k, % | Δ k, / | |||
7. : , .
2.
1. t . , , 20 .
2. . T : T = t / n, n = 20 .
3. . . , . , , T 2(m) . . = 4π2 ctg α.
4. m T 2 . , k , .
5. :
m, | ε m | t, | n | T, | T 2, 2 | , / | ε k, % | Δ k, / | ||||
6. : , .
3.
1. m , 0 = 27 . , : ≈ 10 .
|
|
2. , , , , . , t N .
3. 2 :
0, | , | t, | N | T, | |
4. 0, , t, T.
5. λ (3.10), β (3.9), τ (3.8), Q (3.13) .
6. , . 4, . 5 . .
7. :
, ;
, ;
, ;
, .