.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





. , , . , . , ( ), .

. ( ) 50 .

                   
                   
                   
                   
                   

, , : .
. , .

- , , .

. , . , , , ( ).

()                        
I III IV IV V VI VII VII VI IV II I

. . ( ), - , (). , , . - , (. 1).

, . .
. , .

, . ., . , - ( , , , ). , .

:

M = ∑ u()r / n,

M - ; ∑ - u; - ; r - ; n - .

, , .

u r u()r
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
  n = 50 ∑ = 679

M =.679: 50 = 13,58

.

. . o .

. , . . - , . - .

, , , . , . . , . , , . . , , ; - , . , , , . , . .

 

 

2) F(x) (n ≥ 100). F(x), , . .

χ2 () nj e . .

. : n = 100 e = 10 ÷ 15, n = 200 e = 15 ÷ 20, n = 400 e = 25 ÷ 30, n = 1000 e = 35 ÷ 40.

, , . , 20 % , nj ≥ 2.


, (3.91)
pj - j- , F(x). pj , . , -∞, - +∞.

F(x) (3.91) χ2α, . VI α k = e 1 - m - 1. e 1 - ; m - , .
χ2 ≤ χ2α (3.92)
. .

, . χ2 . (n ≈ 100).

3.18. χ2 . 2.3 2.4. α = 0.05.

. 3.18, . 2.4. 1- 2- 9- 10- 11-.

4- ,

x s - . 2.2, x = lg(N) = 6.515 s = 0.315. . I (1.29) (1.27) 5- . (6- ) . , . pj, 6 . 7- , pj n =100. 7- 3- .


 

3.18.
j xj nj z j Φ(z j) pj npj nj-npj (nj-npj)2/npj
                 
  5.825; 5.975     -∞; -1.71 0.0000; 0.0436 0.1075 10.75 3.25 0.984
  5.975; 6.125   -1.71; -1.24 0.0436; 0.1075
  6.125; 6.275   -1.24; -0.76 0.1075; 0.2236 0.1161 11.61 -1.61 0.223
  6.275; 6.425   -0.76; -0.29 0.2236; 0.3859 0.1623 16.23 -3.23 0.643
  6.425; 6.575   -0.29; 0.19 0.3859; 0.5753 0.1894 18.94 2.06 0.224
  6.575; 6.725   0.19; 0.67 0.5753; 0.7486 0.1733 17.33 -0.33 0.006
  6.725; 6.875   0.67; 1.14 0.7486; 0.8729 0.1243 12.43 1.57 0.198
  6.875; 7.025   1.14; 1.61 0.8729; 0.9463 0.0734 7.34 -1.34 0.244
  7.025; 7.175     1.61; 2.09 0.9463; 0.9817 0.0537 5.37 -0.37 0.025
  7.175; 7.325   2.09; 2.57 0.9817; 0.9949
  7.325; 7.475   2.57; +∞ 0.9949; 1.0000
  1.0000   χ2 = 2.547

9- χ2. χ2 = 2.547.


. VI α = 0.05 k = 8 - 2 - 1 = 5 (8 - , 2 - , , (x, s) χ20.05 = 11.1. (3.92) , , . . . (. . 2.4).

χ2 = 2.547 α ≈ 0.75 (. VI ). , n = 100 , χ2 ≥ 2.547 75 %.

3.19. - (1.46) α = 0.06 . 2.3 2.8.

(1.46) 2.4 (b = 0.721; x H = 0.736106 c = 3.235106 ).

χ2 . 3.19. χ2 = 35.091.

. VI α = 0.05 k = 11 - 3 - 1 =7 (11 - , 3 - ) χ20.05 = 14.1. (3.92) , - (1.46), . . . α = 0.001, χ20.001 = 24.3.

 


(. . 2.5).

3.19 -
j , . nj (1.46) , pj npj nj - npj (nj - npj)2/npj
               
  0.736; 1.4   0.0000; 0.2733 0.2733 27.33 -13.33 6.502
  1.4; 2.1   0.2733; 0.4152 0.1419 14.19 -3.19 0.717
  2.1; 2.8   0.4152; 0.5148 0.0996 9.96 +3.04 0.928
  2.8; 3.5   0.5148; 0.5905 0.0757 7.57 +5.43 3.895
  3.5; 4.2   0.5905; 0.6503 0.0598 5.98 +6.02 6.060
  4.2; 4.9   0.6503; 0.6987 0.0484 4.84 +1.16 0.278
  4.9; 5.6   0.6987; 0.7386 0.0399 3.99 +6.01 9.053
  5.6; 6.3   0.7386; 0.7720 0.0334 3.34 +1.66 0.822
  6.3; 7.0     0.7720; 0.8242 0.0522 5.22 -0.25 0.012
  7.0; 7.7  
  7.7; 8.4     0.8242; 0.8624 0.0382 3.82 +2.18 1.244
  8.4; 9.1  
  9.1; +∞   0.8624; 1.0000 0.1376 13.76 -8.76 5.574
    1.0000     χ2 = 35.091

 


1. .

( ). .

, , , .

, - .

, , , .

.

, , , .

: - ; , ; . , . , .

- . . (, ). .

- . , . .

.

.





:


: 2017-03-12; !; : 4487 |


:

:

, .
==> ...

1257 - | 1213 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.037 .