Read and translate the text. Match the questions below with each paragraph:
Great Britain
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands: Great Britain and Ireland, and about five thousand small islands. Their total area is over 244,000 square kilometers.
The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Edinburgh Cardiff and Belfast respectively. Great Britain consists of England, Scotland and Wales and does not include Northern Ireland. But in everyday speech Great Britain is used to mean the United Kingdom. The capital of the UK is London.
The British Isles are separated from the European continent by the North Sea and the English Channel. The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea.
The surface of the British Isles varies very much. The north of Scotland is mountainous and is called the Highlands, while the south, which has beautiful valleys and plains, is called the Lowlands. The north and west of England are mountainous, but all the rest-east, center and south-east is - a vast plain. Mountains are not very high. Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain (1343 m).
There are a lot of rivers in Great Britain, but they are not very long. The Severn is the longest river, while the Thames is the deepest and the most important one.
The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of Gulf Stream influence the climate of the British Isles. It is mild the whole year round.
The UK is one of the world's smaller countries. Its population is over 57 million. About 80% of the population is urban.
The UK is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the world's largest producers and exporters of machinery, electronics, textile, aircraft and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding.
The UK is a constitutional monarchy. In law, the Head of State is the Queen. In practice, the Queen reigns, but doesn't rule. The elected government rules the country with the Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
There are three main political parties in Great Britain: the Labour, the Conservative and the Liberal parties. The Conservative party is the ruling party nowadays.
Answer the questions:
1. The UK is an island state, isn't it? Where is it situated?
2. What countries is the UK made of? What are their capitals?
3. What channel separates the British Isles from the European continent?
4. The surface of the British Isles varies very much, doesn't it?
5. What is the north of Scotland called? What is the south of Scotland called?
6. What's the highest mountain in Scotland?
7. Are there a lot of long and deep rivers in Great Britain?
8. Why is the climate of the British Isles mild?
9. Is the UK a large country?
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10. What's the UK's population?
Vocabulary:
The United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Northern Ireland
the British Isles
to be situated
to consist of
total area
respectively
to include
at the head
parliament
chamber
to separate
to wash
surface
to vary (),
mountainous
valley
vast
plain
deep
to influence
climate
mild ,
the whole year round
population
urban
highly developed
textile
aircraft
navigation
equipment
chief ,
shipbuilding
constitutional monarchy
law
in law
the head of the state
queen
in practice ,
to reign
to rule
to elect
government
Prime Minister -
Act out the dialogue:
- What kind of country is Great Britain?
- Great Britain is a capitalist country.
- What chambers does the British Parliament consist of?
- It consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
- Whom do the chambers consists of?
- The House of Lords has 850 members, composed of the lords. The House of Commons consists of 630 members, who are elected by ballot.
- What political parties are there in Great Britain?
- At present there are the following political parties in Great Britain: the Conservatives, the Labour Party, the Liberals and the Communist Party.
- Which party is in power now?
- At present the Labour is in power.
- Whose interest does the Labour Party serve?
- In reality the Labour party serves the interests of the English bourgeoisie. The only party that serves the interests of the English working people is the Communist Party headed by John Hollan.
Translate into English:
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2. 57 .
3. , , .
4. , , - --.
5. .
6. .
7. .
8. , , , .
9. - .
Topic 5: Shopping
Read and translate the text:
Shops
Tradesmen or shopkeepers generally deal only in certain goods. The grocer sells a variety of foodstuffs such as flour, butter, eggs, biscuits, jam and jellies, cheese, sugar, spice tinned and frozen foods. The greengrocer deals in fruit and vegetables. The florist sells flowers and plants, wreaths and bouquets. We go to a fishmonger for fish and if he is a poulterer as well we can buy poultry there - chickens, ducks, geese or turkeys. A milkshop is called a dairy. There we buy dairy produce - milk, butter, cheese, cream, sore cream and eggs. Then we run out of bread. We go to the baker's and ask for a loaf of white or brown bread. A cake shop sells pastries and cakes of all kinds. The confectioner always does a good trade selling sweets - chocolates, toffees and other tempting things. That makes every child's mouth water.
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A draper sells clothes. A tailor sells men's clothes, either ready-to-ware or made to measure. If a woman wants to buy ready-made clothes to a dress shop or a department store. A dressmaker makes ladies' clothes in her own home.
The hatter sells men's hats, but the milliner sells hats for ladies. The hosier sells hosiery or knitted goods like stockings, socks or underclothes, a man's outfitter sells everything a man needs in the way of clothes.
Those who need paper, pens, rubbers, ink, rulers, notebooks, exercise books and bloating-paper can get them at the stationer's. The bookseller sells books and magazines. The watchmaker repairs and sells clocks and watches.
The jeweler sells jewelry and also things of gold and silver, ornaments.
The china-shop has a large stock of china porcelain and earthenware. The ironmonger supplies everything made of iron (hard-ware) from nails to gardening - tools. The furniture-shop sells furniture either for cash, or on hire purchase. A chemist although a qualified pharmacist, sells many things besides medicines - perfume, toilet articles such a soap, toothpaste, spongers, tooth brushes and even cameras and films.
What a long list of shops we can make! In spite of this many large stories called department stores, sell all the goods we have mentioned under one roof.
Answer the questions:
1. Who does the shopping in your family?
2. How often do you go shopping?
3. Do you prefer to go shopping on weekdays or at the weekend?
4. Do you like to go to small shops or to big department stores and supermarkets?
5. Which do you think is the most convenient time for shopping?
6. Some people are fond of window-shopping. Can you say that you belong to such people?
7. What are advantages and disadvantages of big supermarkets?
8. Can you see a different between state-owned shops and private shops? Which ones do you prefer?
Vocabulary:
to buy (to purchase, to shop for)
to sell
to supply ,
to deliver ()
to display ()
cheap
expensive (dear)
to cost
price, at a price ,
discount, at a discount ,
sale
cash-desk
salesman (shop assistant)
saleswoman
customer (shopper)
consumer
shopping queue, line
to do one's shopping
to go shopping
baker's / bakery
flour
butter
egg
biscuit ()
cheese
sugar
spice ,
salt
tinned foods
frozen foods
plant
vegetable
fruit
wreath
bouquet
poultry
game
chicken
duck
goose
turkey
butcher's ()
confectioner's
dairy
greengrocer's
fishmonger's
sweet-shop
shop-window (window display)
department store
counter
shop (store)
booth
stall (kiosk)
to change
change
to pay
How much is it?
What does it cost?
to wrap ()
fitting room
to try on
to fit ( )
to suit, to become ,
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to match, to go with ,
style, design
fashion, vogue
all the vogue
up-to date
stylish
bunch of flowers
loaf of (bread) ()
draper's ()
tailor
hosiery
stockings
socks
underclothes
rubber
ink
rule
notebook
blotting-paper
stationer's
magazine
clock ()
watch ()
jewellery
gold
silver
ornament
china-shop
porcelain
earthenware
ironmonger
nail
gardening tools
furniture
cash
on hire purchase ,
perfume
toilet articles
soap
tooth paste
sponge
tooth brush
camera
film (-, -)
that will do ,
to be out of stock ,
Act out the dialogues:
1.
- Can I help you?
- Yes, I'm looking for a sweater.
- We've got some sweaters over here. What color are you looking for?
- This blue one is nice.
- Yes, it is. Is it for yourself?
- Yes, it is. Can I try it on?
- Yes, go ahead.
- No, it's too small. It doesn't fit me. Have you got one in a bigger size?
- No, I'm afraid not. What about the red one?
- No, I don't like the color. Red doesn't suit me. OK, I'll leave it. Thank you.
- Goodbye.
2.
- Can I help you, sir?
- Yes, I'm looking for something for my wife. Have you got any perfume?
- Yes, sir. Try this. It's our new perfume for this season. It's called Reward.
- Can I try it? Mm. It's very good. How much is it?
- This bottle costs $37.
- Hm. Have you got it in a smaller bottle?
3.
- Excuse me.
- Yes, madam, can I help you?
- I'd like a box of chocolates for my friend.
- Yes, madam, 500 grams?
- How much is that?
- Ten dollars. These are particularly good chocolates.
- OK, I'll have them.
Translate into English in writing:
1. - .
2. .
3. .
4. () ?
5. .
6. : , , .
7. .
8. , .
9. .
10. .
Read and translate the text:
My meals
It goes without saying that I prefer to have meals at home. At the weekend I like to get up late and have a good breakfast of scrambled eggs, or pancakes, or something like that. But on weekdays I'm always short of time in the morning. So I just have a cup of strong tea or coffee and a couple of sandwiches.
As I spend a lot of time at school (usually eight or nine hours) it's necessary to have a snack at midday just to keep me going. That's why I have to go to the school canteen to have lunch. Our school canteen leaves much to be desired. It has become a tradition with our canteen to serve chops and watery mashed potatoes every day with a glass of cocoa or stewed fruit.
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But I enjoy my evening meal at home. My mother is a wonderful cook and her dinners are always delicious and various.
To begin with, we usually have some salad - tomato and cucumber salad or mixed salad (I like it very much). For the first course we have some soup - noodle, mushroom or cabbage soup, or maybe some fish soup for a change. for the main course we have meat, chicken or fish dishes, for example, steak or fried fish with spaghetti or potatoes (boiled or fried). We also have a lot of vegetables - green peas, carrots, tomatoes, cucumbers. I prefer meat to fish but my mother makes me eat fish from time to time. She says it's good for my brains.
For dessert we have some fruit, fruit juice or a cup of tea with a slice of cake.
On Sundays we sometimes go to McDonald's. I like everything there: cheeseburgers, hamburgers and Big Macs, apple pies and fruit cocktails. But unfortunately we can't afford to go there very often, because it's rather expensive for a family and besides, they say it's not very healthy to eat at McDonald's.
Answer the questions:
1. How many meals a day do you usually have?
2. What do you usually have for breakfast?
3. Where do you have lunch (dinner)?
4. How many courses does your lunch (dinner) usually consist of?
5. What is your favourite dish?
6. What vegetables do you like?
7. What do you usually have for dessert?
8. How often do you eat out?
9. Can you cook?
10. Do you agree that the best cooks in the world are men?
Vocabulary:
food ,
fresh
diet
to be on a diet
groats
buck wheat
rice
semolina
corn
corn flakes
beef
pork
mutton (lamb)
veal
cutlet
salami
ham
cold pork
herring
salmon , (. )
shrimp (prawn)
cottage cheese
carrot
cabbage
onion
garlic
pepper
dills
parsley
grapes
pear
plum
cherry ,
peach
lemon
orange
pine-apple
tangerine
melon
water-melon
strawberry ,
raspberry
currant
nut
seeds
soft-drinks
honey
jam
jar of jam
to have tea
to be hungry
to be thirsty
help yourself
macaroni (pasta)
waiter (waitress) , -
order
can I have
for a first coarse 1-
for a main 2-
for dessert
it tastes good
to cook (food)
stuff
plate
fork
spoon
knife
it goes without saying
to prefer
scrambled eggs
pancakes ,
short of time
couple ,
sandwich
to have a snack
to keep smb going
canteen
leaves much to be desired
to serve ,
a chop
watery
mashed potatoes
cocoa
stewed fruit
delicious
various
to begin with
salad
tomato
cucumber
mixed
noodle soup
mushroom soup
cabbage soup
for a change
steak
to boil
to fry
green peas
to make smb to do smth - -
from time to time
berries
vegetarian
brain
juice
slice ,
cheeseburger
hamburger
apple pie
fruit cocktail
afford
prefer smth to smth - -
they say
it's not very healthy
Act the dialogue:
- How do you like the soup?
- Awfully nice really. Don't you think so?
- Yes, it is indeed. Pass me the salt, please.
- Here you are. Some more bread?
- Yes, please.
- What comes next, Ann?
- Pork chops with roast potatoes.
- And what follows that?
- Wouldn't you like to make a guess?
- Stewed apricots as usual, I suppose.
- There you are wrong, John. It's apple pudding with whipped cream.
- Apple pudding and with whipped cream! My, isn't it fine?
- I'm happy that I've suited your taste.
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Translate into English:
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2. , . " ".
3. - , , , , .
4. .
5. , .
6. ? . . .
7. ? , , .
8. ? , . , .
9. ! .
Topic 6: Science
Read and translate the text:
Inventions and inventors
The last two centuries were the epoch of scientific and technological revolution when new ideas were being born and new discoveries and inventions were being made. Man has entered space and reached out to the Moon, Venus and Mars, he has created complex cybernetic machines and made nuclear energy work for him, develop modern tools of war, predict earthquakes. Knowledge is essential for people to find their way in the changing world. Science develops more and more solutions to the energy problem. It helped people to learn to use the energy from the sun and from the atom and to share the resources
The world knows the names of many great scientists, mathematicians, physicists, chemists, biologists, linguists, historians, etc. A lot of discoveries have been made by them in different fields of science and engineering, improved life for people.
A lot of new inventions appear every day to make our lives easier, longer, warmer, and speedier. But only a few inventors design a new machine or product that becomes so well-known that it is named after its creator. I want to tell you about the inventors who gave their names to the thing they created.
Charles Rolls was born in 1881 in Great Britain. He died in 1910. He was an aristocrat and businessman. He was especially interested in cars. Once he met another enthusiast of cars Henry Royce. Henry Royce was a famous car engineer. They decided to design the most comfortable and reliable car. At the beginning of the 20th century it seemed to be a fantasy. But they worked hard and at last in1907 they created the world-famous Rolls-Royce car. It was so comfortable and reliable that one of the models of Rolls-Royce cars "Silver Ghost" hadn't changed greatly for 20 years since 1907.
Gottlieb Daimler and Charles Bens were two inventors. They lived in Germany. They were both interested in car production. At the end of the 19th century each of them designed a car. At the same time they organized two independent firms to produce them.
All the cars produced by the firm of Daimler were called "Mercedes". Mercedes was a daughter's name of one of the stockholders of the firm. This man saved the firm of Daimler from the financial crisis at the beginning of the 20th century. But after the World War 1 the firm of Daimler met with financial difficulties again. This time it had to join the firm of Benz. Since that time all the cars produced by the firm "Daimler-Benz" have been called "Mercedes-Benz".
Answer the questions:
1. Why is science so important in the modern world?
2. What proves that the study of science is important for understanding of the natural world?
3. Which great Russian scientist worked out the theory of space flights and designed the first rocket?
4. What achievements have been made in space exploration?
5. What outstanding scientists do you know?
6. What famous inventors do you know?
7. Can you predict the future? What will life be like in 2100?
Vocabulary:
poch
complex
cybernetic
to develop the modern tools of war
a number of solutions to the energy problem
a basic knowledge of science
to design
to create
creator
enthusiast
reliable
comfortable
to change greatly
firm
stockholder
to save
financial crisis
to join
to make inventions, discoveries ,
inventor
scientist
to reach out to the Moon
nuclear energy
mathematician
physicist
chemist
biologist
linguist
historian
flight into space
special merit
research
age of space exploration
interplanetary
worked out
transfer ,
digital electronics
Read the dialogues and act them out:
1.
- Do you know who the first to fly to stars was?
- Yes, I do. Everybody knows this for certain. It was Yuri Gagarin who made the first historic flight into space.
- Konstantin Tsiolkovsky is known to have been working on the problem of interplanetary travel, through all his life, isn't he?
- Surely, he is. It's Tsiolkovsky who worked out the theory of cosmic flights.
2.
- I know there appeared some new departments at your research institute. Don't you know what they are interested in?
- As I know they are interested in cybernetics, information technology, nuclear engineering and astrophysics.
- What problems are you interested in?
- It's information technology.
- What is it?
- It's the study of technology related to the transfer of information such as computers, digital electronics, telecommunication.
Translate into English using the topical vocabulary:
1. .
2. .
3. , .
4. , .
5. .
6. .
7. , .
8. 20 .
9. , .
10. .
