1. They have raised labour efficiency by means of new machinery
2. The government policy changed economic conditions in the region.
3. Demand and supply will influence prices of goods.
4. Japan produces a variety of electronic equipment.
5. The company has increased prices of its goods.
6. Under conditions of competition companies are introducing new better products.
3.2. , (Simple, Continuous and Perfect Passive Voice).
1. ,
(unempployment benefit; to pay, to dismiss).
2. ,
(funding; to secure), (a research; to start).
3. (the proposal; to deal
with).
4. (arguments; to listen to).
5.
(to establish).
4. can, could, must, should, have to be to .
1. Today they ( ) prepare the document for tomorrows meeting.
2. Nowdays some goods manufactured in developing countries () compete successfully in the world market.
3. Some economists think that such rapidly developing Asian countries as China and Taiwan () overtake the USA in high-tech in future.
4. The scientists () study better how peoples activities influence the earths climate and ecology.
5. Some small European industrialized countries () provide large credits for developing countries.
6. Belgium ( ) specialize only in some manufactured goods, for example, in cars.
7. Early in the 20th century century, developing countries ( ) enter the world market as there were strong trade barriers.
8. A small nation ( ) produce all manufactured goods as it () import them at a lower price from other countries.
5. , . (Sequence of Tenses) .
1. "I've attended two conferences this year."
2. "I can ring the Bank Manager."
3. "I've given two lectures at Princeton University."
4. "I may not be able to send you a copy of my paper shortly."
5. "I'm planning to visit Oxford."
6. "I must think about it."
7. "I'm studying an interesting problem."
8. "I can't promise you my assistance in this matter"
9. "I'll start my next paper with the statement of the problem."
6. (Third Conditionals).
: I didn't buy shares. I didn't get dividends.
If I had bought shares, I would have got dividends.
1. I didn't have enough money and was unable to start my own business.
2. I failed to get a mortgage to buy a flat. I didn't move to a new place.
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3. My income didn't rise and my living standard didn't improve.
4. I was given a big rise in salary. I opened a savings account.
5. I bought an expensive TV set and paid for it straight away.
6. I didn't know that the shop allowed the customers to pay for expensive
things in instalments.
7. (Absolute participial construction).
1. ( ) : , , , .
The Black Sea being one of the most wonderful places in the world, many rest-homes and tourist camps are concentrated here.
( , .)
2. ( )
: , ,
, , .
The Black Sea is one of the most wonderful places in the world, many rest-homes and tourist camps being concentrated here.
( , .)
7.1. , (Absolute participial construction).
1. There being many shops and boutiques in Disneyland Resort Paris, the
guests may buy all kinds of Disney-products.
2. Outside the resort there is a shop specializing in Disney-clothes, the prices
being reduced up to 50 % off the regular prices.
3. The Disneyland Resort Paris being located only 32 kilometers east of
Paris, people save money on a trip to this famous tourist destination.
4. All special offers having been examined carefully, the hotel guests made
their choice.
7.2. , (Absolute participial construction).
1. , .
2. , .
3. , .
4. ,
. . .
8. , (Gerund) .
1. I am not accustomed to having my word doubted.
2. Going into debt to pay for college has become a way of life for all except the wealthy.
3. After being left for a year the experiment were taken up by another worker.
4. Charity means giving help to the poor, to those who're in need of help.
5. The courses are aimed primarily at giving the US employees the chance to learn another language.
6. Good management involves selecting people who know when to listen and when to act.
7. The only way to develop the necessary skills is by putting the knowledge into action through practice.
8. It was his secret to building a high-performing team.
9. Extensions are being made to the factory with a view to increasing the output.
10. Workers are responsible for striking but nobody is responsible for raising prices.
9. (Phrasal Verbs).
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