(antitrust statutes) - , .
(information asymmetry) , ,
.
(accounting profit) ( ) , .
(accounting cost) () .
(total revenue, TR) , .
(total cost) ().
() (explicit cost) , .
, (externalities, spillover effects) , , , .
() (implicit cost) , .
(increasing returns to scale) , , , .
(government intervention) , .
, (state, government) , , , .
(long-run period) , , .
(household) , () .
(sole partnership) , -
, .
(law of diminishing marginal utility) .
(the law of diminishing marginal returns) , , , .
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, (isoquant), , (), .
, (isocost), , , .
(corporation) , , .
(corrective subsidy) , , .
(corrective tax) , , .
(short-run period) , , .
(minimum efficient scale) , .
(income inequality) .
(normal profit) -
, , , .
() (total product, TP) , .
(returns to scale) .
(negative externality) , . , ( , .).
(partnership) , .
(variable cost, VC) , () () .
(utility, U) , .
(incomes policy) .
(positive externality) , ( , , .).
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(unemployment compensation) = -
(unemployment insurance) , , .
(constant returns to scale) , , , .
(fixed cost, FC) , .
, (consumer equilibrium), , , , . ( ) : MUx: Px = =MUy: Py = MUn: Pn.
(producer equilibrium) , , , MR MC, , ; , , MC MR, , . , , .. . , , .
(least-cost rule) , : 1: 1 = 2: 2 = = = n: n, 1, 2, n ; 1, 2, n .
(government transfer payment) (, ..).
() (marginal rate of technical substitution, MRTS) , . MRTSlk = DK: DL = l: k.
(marginal utility, MU)
, .
(marginal cost, MC) , .
(marginal resource cost, MRC) .
(marginal revenue, MR) , .
(marginal product of a factor, ) , .
() (marginal revenue product, MRP) .
(total revenue total cost approach) , , . , (.. ) .
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(marginal revenue marginal cost approach) , , . , (MR = MC), .
(social security programs) , , (.. ).
(production function) (), , .
(market demand for an input) , , , .
() (total utility, TU) .
(average cost, ) . .
(average variable cost, AVC) , .
(average fixed cost, AFC) , .
(average revenue, AR) ( ), .
(average product, AP) .
(expansion path) , .
(decreasing returns to scale) , , , .
(firm) , .
(pure public good) , () , ( , , .).
(economic profit) ( ) ( ). , .
(economi cost)
, , . .
: [6, . 150162, 183200; 7, . 110116, 142180, 423449; 8, c. 209261; 10, . 136182; 11, . 131135; 12, c. 216259, 327330, 353359; 18, . 7786, 96131, 139141; 19, c. 127138, 245262; 20, c. 174213].
1. ?
) 15, 27, 35, 40;
) 15, 31, 48, 53;
) 15, 30, 45, 60;
) 15, 25, 35, 50.
2. 20 , 10. 30 . , :
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) 30;
) 20;
) 60;
) 10.
3. :
) ;
) ;
) ;
) .
4. ?
) MRPL= 40 ., L=20 ., MRPK = 30 ., K=20 .;
) MRPL= 40 ., PL=40 ., MRPK = 50 ., =50 .;
) MRPL = 40 ., PL=20 ., MRPK = 20 ., =40 .;
) MRPL = 20 ., L=40 ., MRPK = 50 ., K=40 .
5. :
) ;
) ;
) ;
) .
6. :
) ;
) ;
) ;
) .
7. U- ?
) ;
) ;
) ;
) .
8. :
) ;
) ;
) ;
) .
9. :
) ;
) ;
) ;
) .
: 1.); 2. ); 3. ); 4. ); 5. ); 6. ); 7. ); 8. ); 9. ).
:
1. :
) , , 16 ., 4 ., 2 ;
) .
, . | , . | ||
2. . 7.1 .
:
) 6 .;
) 4 .;
) 2 .
, .
. 7.1.
3. :
Q | VC | AVC | FC | AFC | TC | ATC | MC |
:
1. ) ( : MU = = ∆TU:∆Q, MUA:PA= MU:P, I = PA × QA + P × Q; , .. MUA:PA= MU:P, I = PA × QA + P × Q) 3 . 2 . ; ) 67 ;
2. ) Q = 6, = 120 .., = Q × ATC = 6 × 120 = = 720 ..; ) Q = 4, F = 30 .., F = Q × AFC= 4 × 30 = = 120 ..; ) Q = 2, V = 100 .., V = Q × AVC = 2 × 100 = = 200 ..;
3. ( : TC = ATC× × Q, FC = AFC × Q, VC = AVC × Q, TC = FC + VC, MC = ∆TC:∆Q). VC 35; 50; 60; 100, AVC 35; 25; 20; 25, FC 30; 30; 30; 30, AFC 30; 15; 10; 7,5, TC 65; 80; 90; 130, ATC 65; 40; 30; 32,5, MC 15; 10; 40.