̲Ͳ ² , IJ
в ò
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. 5.05060103
: IJ
..
. 5.05060103
__ ____ 2012 .
___ ( ..)
............................................................................................................................................ 3
1 ............................................................................................. 4
1.1 . ................................................................... 4
1.2 ........................................... 5
1.3 ...................................................................................... 5
2 ϲ () . 6
3 ϲ ̲ 7
4 Ҳ ................................................. 8
4.1 ,
.................................................................................................................. 8
4.2 ................. 38
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1.2
| ʳ | ||
| IJ 1 в ײ | ||
| 1.1 | ||
| 1.2 | ||
| 1.3 | ||
| 1.4 | ||
| 1.5 | ||
| 1 | ||
| IJ 2 Ͳ ̲ | ||
| 2.2 . . | ||
| 2.3. | ||
| 2 | ||
| 2.4 . | ||
| 2.6 . . s - . | ||
| 2.7 . | ||
| 3 | ||
| 2.9 | ||
| 4 | ||
|
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1 .., .. . .: , 1978. -
360 .
2 .. . . .: , 1975. - 416 .
3 .. . .: , 1966. - 446 .
4 .. . / . .. .
.: , 1983. 335 .
5 .. . : , 2004. 260 .
2 ϲ ()
() - () . - () :
1
( 2.1 2.2);
2 () , -
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3 , ,
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;
4 , .
-
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5 () .
2.1 -
| 1 | . 6-9 | . 8-12 |
2.2 -
| 1 - | . 6-9 | . 8-12 |
| 2 - | . 15-18 | - |
| 3 | . 18-21 | . 23-25 |
| 4 | . 21-23 | . 26-28 |
| 5 | . 24-27 | - |
6 -  -
| . 31-34 | - |
7 -  - -
| . 35-40 | . 32-36 |
| 8 d- | . 40-46. | - |
3 ϲ ̲
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4 .
3.1 -
| 1 1 | . 6-14 | . 8-21 |
| 2 2.7 . | . 35-40 | . 32-36 |
4 Ҳ
4.1 ,
IJ 1 C в ײ
1.1
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1.1.
2
Q 
F, - ( 1.1). - , . , t1 t2 . t1 
t2, .
, - .
1.1 -
|
| ||
| 0,15 | |||
| 0,145 | ̳ | ||
| 0,177 | 1,75 | ||
| 1,28 | ϳ () | 0,30-0,38 | |
| ϳ () | 1,13 | ||
| 0,052 | 0,29 | ||
| ³ | 0,165 | 0,78-0,88 | |
| 0,157-0,160 | 0,09 | ||
| 1,04 | |||
| 0,14-0,21 | |||
| 1,15 | 0,047 | ||
| 0,08-2,3 | |||
1.1 1.2 1.3 -
, ,
Q =l/d 
tc1-tc2) 
, (1.1)
³ , F, t1 t2, .
ٳ
q = 
= 
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(1.2)
- , 
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t2 , , - ( 1.1)
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. (1.3)
3
( 1.2);
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(1.4)
, (1.5)
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4
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(1.6)
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5
- ( 1.4) , - .
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tc1 tc4 - , 
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1.4
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1
, tc2 tc3. 
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, tc1? 1.2.
1.2 - 1
| tc2,
| 
| 
| 
| |
| -5 | -15 | -2 | |||
| -2 | -10 | ||||
| -5 | -12 | ||||
| -20 | |||||
| -1 | -5 |
2
: - , 
. 
, 
, 
. - 
. 1.3.
1.3 - 2
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| |
| 1.4 | 0.58 | |||||
| 1.2 | 1.6 | 0.56 | ||||
| 1.5 | 0.54 | |||||
| 1.3 | 1.7 | 0.6 | ||||
| 1.4 | 1.3 | 0.52 |
3
. , , tc 3, - λ. 1.4.
4
1 d1 -
δ1, δ2 δ3.
λ1, λ2 λ3. tc1, -
1.4 - 3
| δ, | tc1,
| tc 3,
| λ,
| |
| -30 | 0.55 | |||
| -35 | 0.58 | |||
| -25 | 0.56 | |||
| -20 | 0.54 | |||
| -15 | 0.57 |
tc4. , ? 1.5.
1.5 - 4
| . | D1, | δ1, | δ2, | δ3, | λ1, 
| λ2,
| λ3,
| tc1,
| tc4,
|
| 0.037 | 0.14 | ||||||||
| 0.039 | 0.18 | ||||||||
| 0.042 | 0.16 | ||||||||
| 0.040 | 0.15 | ||||||||
| 0.038 | 0.17 |
5
d2/d1 λ1 - δ2 = δ3, λ2 λ3. tc1, tc4. . , ? 1.6.
1.6 - 5
| . | d2/d1, | λ1,
| δ2 = δ3, | λ2,
| λ3,
| tc1,
| tc4,
|
| 120/110 | 0.06 | 0.12 | |||||
| 140/130 | 0.05 | 0.14 | |||||
| 160/150 | 0.04 | 0.13 | |||||
| 150/140 | 0.03 | 0.15 | |||||
| 110/100 | 0.07 | 0.16 |
6
, t1, t2,
q. λ. d2. 1.7.
1.7 - 6
| t1,
| t2,
| q, 
| λ,
| d2, | |
| 0.12 | |||||
| 0.14 | |||||
| 0.16 | |||||
| 0.18 | |||||
| 0.17 |
