: .
( 2.7), , 1 , 2 : 1 2 - 1. 2 , , , . 2.
l . , D t, , . , .
, :
(2.24)
c ; m ; D (D = 2 - 1).
(2.24), :
,
D t .
( ), S 1 ( ):
,
r ; h .
.
2, S 2 ( ), ,
.
, D = 2 r, :
. (2.25)
, Q .
,
l - ; - (D = 2 1); S ; t .
, (2.41) :
. (2.26)
, , , , S 2 2 ( ), (2.25) (2.26):
.
:
. (2.27)
1. () (. . 2.7).
2. D x, D h .
3. , 2 , 1 2 .
4. 2.5.
2.5
D | h | D x | T 1 | T 2 | |
m = ( ) = 460 /× ( ) |
5. 2 , .
|
|
6. D t = 2 . 2.6.
2.6
t, | , | t, | , |
7. T = f (t).
. ¢. a .
8. T = f (t). D D t. - .
9. (2.27) .
10. .
11. .
1. ().
2. .
3. ?
4. ?
- , , - , . , , .
. , . . , - . , , , , . ( ).
:
, ( );
, , ( ).
,
( )
. W W , W ( ) U, .
W = W + W + U.
, . W = U. 1 2 : D U 1-2= U 2 U 1 [. (1.12 1.14)]. , - , D U = 0. , , U 0 .
|
|
( , , , , ) , .
. , , V, , , .
. (U = f (T, V)) : , , .
, , Q, . , .
¢ . , . = - ¢.
Q . , .
, , . - , .
. - 1 2. D U 1-2 = U 2 U 1 ¢1-2, , Q 1-2, :
D U 1-2 = ¢1-2, + Q 1-2 .
¢1-2, 1-2, . (3.2) :
Q 1-2 = D U 1-2 + 1-2 ,
d Q = dU + d .
: