:
1 : . φ. 2 :
.
3 , σxq :
; ; ; .
4 (. 5).
5 σxq : θ φ
1.2.2.2 θ φ
:
1 : . φ. 2 :
.
3 , σxq :
; ; ; .
4 (. . 6)
(1.5)
.
,
.
6 σxq θ φ
q b q (. 7) z0 by, [1].
:
1 :
2 :
.
3 :
.
4
by = b + 2a.
5
.
6
. (1.6)
7 σxq
1.2.4
. .. , q [4].
䳿 .
|
|
:
1. :
.
2. :
.
3. :
; ; .
4. :
.
5. :
.
6. :
.
7. :
.
8. :
.
9. :
. (1.8)
10. :
, (1.9)
, .
8 σxq
2. ² ̲ Ͳ
1
:
γ = 18,2 /3, φ = 30 ; h = 6 ; q = 10/2 b = 1,8 .
.
':
1 z 12 .
2 .
3 β
, .
4 :
.
.
. 2.1.
σxq . 9.
2.1
z, | , | sinβ | σxq, /2 | ||
0,5 | 3,6 | 2,6 | 0,52 | 6,62 | |
1,8 | 2,13 | 0,85 | 4,04 | ||
1,5 | 1,2 | 1,75 | 0,98 | 2,45 | |
0,9 | 1,47 | 0,99 | 1,52 | ||
2,5 | 0,72 | 1,25 | 0,95 | 0,96 | |
0,6 | 1,08 | 0,88 | 0,63 | ||
3,5 | 0,51 | 0,94 | 0,81 | 0,41 | |
0,45 | 0,85 | 0,75 | 0,32 | ||
4,5 | 0,4 | 0,76 | 0,69 | 0,22 | |
0,36 | 0,69 | 0,64 | 0,16 | ||
5,5 | 0,33 | 0,63 | 0,59 | 0,13 | |
0,3 | 0,58 | 0,55 | 0,09 |
9 σxq
2
:
γ = 18,2 /2, φ = 30 ; h = 6 ; q = 10/2 b = 1,8 a = 1,2 .
.
':
1. z 12 .
2. .
3. β1 β2 :
, .
4. :
.
.
|
|
. 2.2.
σxq . 10.
2.2
z, | , | , | sinβ1 | sinβ2 | σxq,, /2 | |||
π | π | |||||||
0,5 | 2,4 | 2,8 | 2,35 | 0,32 | 0,71 | 0,84 | ||
1,2 | 2,5 | 1,75 | 0,6 | 0,98 | 1,13 | |||
1,5 | 0,8 | 2,21 | 1,35 | 0,8 | 0,97 | 1,04 | ||
1,5 | 0,6 | 1,97 | 1,08 | 0,92 | 0,88 | 0,85 | ||
2,5 | 1,2 | 0,48 | 1,75 | 0,89 | 0,98 | 0,77 | 0,65 | |
0,4 | 1,57 | 0,76 | 0,69 | 0,5 | ||||
3,5 | 0,86 | 0,34 | 1,42 | 0,66 | 0,89 | 0,61 | 0,48 | |
0,75 | 0,3 | 1,29 | 0,58 | 0,96 | 0,55 | 0,3 | ||
4,5 | 0,67 | 0,26 | 1,18 | 0,51 | 0,92 | 0,49 | 0,24 | |
0,6 | 0,24 | 1,1 | 0,47 | 0,88 | 0,46 | 0,21 | ||
5,5 | 0,55 | 0,22 | 0,99 | 0,43 | 0,84 | 0,42 | 0,14 | |
0,5 | 0,2 | 0,93 | 0,39 | 0,8 | 0,38 | 0,12 |
3
:
γ = 18,2 /3, φ = 30; ; h = 6 ; q = 10/2 b = 1,8 a = 1,2 .
.
':
1. z 12 .
2. z / h.
3. (. .1 - .2 ). . 3 3, 4 5, .
4.
.
σxq .11.
.2.3.
2.3
z, | , /2 | ||||||
-0.0333 | -0.0333 | -0.0333 | -0.0999 | -0.999 | |||
0.5 | 0.08 | 0.1061 | 0.0451 | 0.0166 | 0.1678 | 1.678 | |
0.17 | 0.13215 | 0.08715 | 0.0534 | 0.2727 | 2.727 | ||
1.5 | 0.25 | 0.09885 | 0.0868 | 0.06485 | 0.2504 | 2.504 | |
0.33 | 0.06355 | 0.07085 | 0.063 | 0.1971 | 1.971 | ||
2.5 | 0.42 | 0.0355 | 0.0504 | 0.0539 | 0.1318 | 1.388 | |
0.5 | 0.0201 | 0.0355 | 0.0425 | 0.098 | 0.981 | ||
3.5 | 0.58 | 0.0105 | 0.0244 | 0.0331 | 0.068 | 0.68 | |
0.67 | 0.0041 | 0.0157 | 0.0263 | 0.0461 | 0.461 | ||
4.5 | 0.75 | 0.0009 | 0.01055 | 0.0188 | 0.03025 | 0.3025 | |
0.83 | -0.00115 | 0.00715 | 0.01455 | 0.02055 | 0.2055 | ||
5.5 | 0.92 | 0.0018 | 0.0047 | 0.0111 | 0.014 | 0.14 | |
-0.0019 | 0.0035 | 0.0091 | 0.0107 | 0.107 |
4
:
γ = 18,2 /3, φ = 30 ; h = 6 ; q = 10 /2 b = 1,8 a = 1,2 .
θ.
':
1 :
= .
2 :
= .
3 :
= ;
= .
4 :
/2.
σxq . 12.
|
|
12 σxq
5
:
γ = 18,2 /2, φ = 42 ; h = 6 ; q = 10/2 b = 1,8 a = 1,2 .
θ φ.
':
1 :
= .
2 :
= .
3 :
= ;
= ;
= ;
= .
4 :
/2.
σxq . 13.
13 σxq
6
:
γ = 18,2 /3, φ = 30 ; h = 6 ; q = 10 /2 b = 1,8 a = 1,2 .
θ φ.
':
1 :
= .
2 :
= .
3 :
= ;
= ;
= ;
= .
/2,
.
σxq . 14.
14 σxq
7
:
γ = 18,2 /2, φ = 30 ; h = 6 ; q = 10/2 b = 1,8 a = 1,2 .
.
1. :
= .
2. :
.
3. :
.
4. :
by = b + 2a=1,8+21,2=4,2 .
5. z0 q
/2.
6.
/2.
σxq . 15.
15 σxq
8
:
γ = 18,2 /2, φ = 30 ; h = 6 ; q = 10/2 b = 1,8 a= 1,2 .
.
':
1 z 13 .
2 :
= .
3 :
|
|
.
4 :
= ; = ; = .
5 :
= .
6 :
= .
7 :
= .
7 :
.
,
= .
9 :
.
10 :
,
= , = .
. 2.4.
σxq . 16.
2.4
h | ,/2 | , /2 | , /2 | , /2 | |
0.5 | 3.003 | ||||
6.006 | |||||
1.84 | 11.05 | ||||
15.302 | |||||
2.5 | 18.305 | ||||
21.308 | |||||
3.5 | 24.311 | ||||
27.314 | |||||
4.32 | 29.24 | ||||
4.42 | 26.94 | ||||
30.75 | |||||
5.5 | 33.825 | ||||
36.9 |
16 σxq
. 17 σxq .
.1 rctg(c)
Arctg(c) | Arctg(c) | ||||
4.2 | 1.34 | ||||
0.2 | 0.2 | 4.4 | 1.35 | ||
0.4 | 0.38 | 4.6 | 1.36 | ||
0.6 | 0.54 | 4.8 | 1.37 | ||
0.8 | 0.67 | 1.37 | |||
0.79 | 5.2 | 1.38 | |||
1.2 | 0.88 | 5.4 | 1.39 | ||
1.4 | 0.95 | 5.6 | 1.39 | ||
1.6 | 1.01 | 5.8 | 1.4 | ||
1.8 | 1.06 | 1.41 | |||
1.11 | 6.2 | 1.41 | |||
2.2 | 1.14 | 6.4 | 1.42 | ||
2.4 | 1.18 | 6.6 | 1.42 | ||
2.6 | 1.2 | 6.8 | 1.42 | ||
2.8 | 1.23 | 1.43 | |||
1.25 | 7.2 | 1.43 | |||
3.2 | 1.27 | 7.4 | 1.44 | ||
3.4 | 1.28 | 7.6 | 1.44 | ||
3.6 | 1.3 | 7.8 | 1.44 | ||
3.8 | 1.31 | 1.45 | |||
1.33 |
.2 sin(F)
F, . | Sin(F) | F, . | Sin(F) |
1.6 | |||
0.1 | 0.1 | 1.7 | 0.99 |
0.2 | 0.2 | 1.8 | 0.97 |
0.3 | 0.3 | 1.9 | 0.95 |
0.4 | 0.39 | 0.91 | |
0.5 | 0.48 | 2.1 | 0.86 |
0.6 | 0.56 | 2.2 | 0.81 |
0.7 | 0.64 | 2.3 | 0.75 |
0.8 | 0.72 | 2.4 | 0.68 |
0.9 | 0.78 | 2.5 | 0.6 |
0.84 | 2.6 | 0.52 | |
1.1 | 0.89 | 2.7 | 0.43 |
1.2 | 0.93 | 2.8 | 0.33 |
1.3 | 0.96 | 2.9 | 0.24 |
1.4 | 0.99 | 0.14 | |
1.5 |
.1 ³ ( )
z/h | |||||||||||
0.9663 | -0.0333 | -0.0333 | -0.0333 | -0.0333 | -0.0333 | -0.0333 | -0.0333 | -0.0333 | -0.0333 | -0.3333 | |
0.02 | 0.7191 | 0.0888 | 0.009 | -0.0117 | -0.0201 | -0.0243 | -0.0267 | -0.0282 | -0.0292 | -0.0299 | -0.3133 |
0.04 | 0.506 | 0.1814 | 0.048 | 0.009 | -0.0072 | -0.0155 | -0.0202 | -0.0232 | -0.0251 | -0.0265 | -0.2934 |
0.06 | 0.3433 | 0.2324 | 0.0809 | 0.0282 | 0.0051 | -0.0068 | -0.0138 | -0.0182 | -0.0211 | -0.0232 | -0.2735 |
0.08 | 0.2287 | 0.2471 | 0.1061 | 0.0451 | 0.0166 | 0.0014 | -0.0076 | -0.0133 | -0.0171 | -0.0198 | -0.2538 |
0.1 | 0.151 | 0.2378 | 0.1233 | 0.0594 | 0.027 | 0.0091 | -0.0017 | -0.0086 | -0.0133 | -0.0166 | -0.2341 |
0.12 | 0.099 | 0.2157 | 0.133 | 0.0709 | 0.0362 | 0.0163 | 0.004 | -0.004 | -0.0095 | -0.0134 | -0.2147 |
0.14 | 0.0641 | 0.1887 | 0.1363 | 0.0795 | 0.0442 | 0.0228 | 0.0092 | 0.0003 | -0.0059 | -0.0103 | -0.1956 |
0.16 | 0.0403 | 0.1613 | 0.1347 | 0.0854 | 0.0508 | 0.0286 | 0.0141 | 0.0044 | -0.0024 | -0.0073 | -0.1766 |
0.18 | 0.0239 | 0.1357 | 0.1296 | 0.0889 | 0.056 | 0.0337 | 0.0186 | 0.0083 | 0.001 | -0.0043 | -0.158 |
0.2 | 0.0124 | 0.1131 | 0.1221 | 0.0903 | 0.0601 | 0.038 | 0.0227 | 0.0118 | 0.0041 | -0.0016 | -0.1397 |
0.22 | 0.0042 | 0.0935 | 0.1132 | 0.09 | 0.0629 | 0.0417 | 0.0263 | 0.0152 | 0.0071 | 0.0011 | -0.1217 |
0.24 | -0.0018 | 0.0768 | 0.1037 | 0.0882 | 0.0647 | 0.0447 | 0.0294 | 0.0182 | 0.0099 | 0.0036 | -0.1041 |
0.26 | -0.0061 | 0.0628 | 0.094 | 0.0854 | 0.0656 | 0.047 | 0.0322 | 0.0209 | 0.0125 | 0.0061 | -0.0869 |
0.28 | -0.0093 | 0.051 | 0.0846 | 0.0818 | 0.0656 | 0.0487 | 0.0345 | 0.0234 | 0.0149 | 0.0083 | -0.0702 |
0.3 | -0.0117 | 0.0411 | 0.0757 | 0.0776 | 0.065 | 0.0498 | 0.0364 | 0.0256 | 0.0171 | 0.0104 | -0.0538 |
0.32 | -0.0134 | 0.0329 | 0.0674 | 0.0732 | 0.0638 | 0.0505 | 0.038 | 0.0275 | 0.0191 | 0.0124 | -0.038 |
0.34 | -0.0147 | 0.026 | 0.0597 | 0.0685 | 0.0622 | 0.0507 | 0.0392 | 0.0291 | 0.0209 | 0.0143 | -0.0225 |
0.36 | -0.0157 | 0.0203 | 0.0527 | 0.0639 | 0.0602 | 0.0506 | 0.0401 | 0.0305 | 0.0225 | 0.016 | -0.0076 |
0.38 | -0.0164 | 0.0154 | 0.0464 | 0.0592 | 0.0579 | 0.0501 | 0.0406 | 0.0317 | 0.024 | 0.0175 | 0.0068 |
0.4 | -0.0168 | 0.0114 | 0.0406 | 0.0548 | 0.0555 | 0.0493 | 0.041 | 0.0326 | 0.0252 | 0.019 | 0.0208 |
0.42 | -0.0171 | 0.008 | 0.0355 | 0.0504 | 0.0529 | 0.0483 | 0.041 | 0.0334 | 0.0263 | 0.0202 | 0.0342 |
0.44 | -0.0173 | 0.0051 | 0.031 | 0.0464 | 0.0503 | 0.0472 | 0.0409 | 0.0339 | 0.0273 | 0.0214 | 0.0472 |
0.46 | -0.0174 | 0.0027 | 0.0269 | 0.0425 | 0.0477 | 0.0458 | 0.0406 | 0.0343 | 0.0281 | 0.0225 | 0.0597 |
0.48 | -0.0173 | 0.0007 | 0.0233 | 0.0389 | 0.045 | 0.0444 | 0.0401 | 0.0345 | 0.0287 | 0.0234 | 0.0716 |
0.5 | -0.0173 | -0.001 | 0.0201 | 0.0355 | 0.0425 | 0.0429 | 0.0395 | 0.0346 | 0.0293 | 0.0242 | 0.0831 |
0.52 | -0.0171 | -0.0024 | 0.0172 | 0.0324 | 0.04 | 0.0413 | 0.0388 | 0.0345 | 0.0297 | 0.0249 | 0.094 |
0.54 | -0.0169 | -0.0036 | 0.0147 | 0.0295 | 0.0376 | 0.0397 | 0.038 | 0.0344 | 0.03 | 0.0255 | 0.1045 |
0.56 | -0.0167 | -0.0046 | 0.0124 | 0.0268 | 0.0353 | 0.0381 | 0.0372 | 0.0341 | 0.0302 | 0.026 | 0.1145 |
0.58 | -0.0165 | -0.0054 | 0.0105 | 0.0244 | 0.0331 | 0.0365 | 0.0362 | 0.0338 | 0.0303 | 0.0265 | 0.124 |
0.6 | -0.0162 | -0.0061 | 0.0087 | 0.0221 | 0.031 | 0.0349 | 0.0353 | 0.0334 | 0.0303 | 0.0268 | 0.1331 |
0.62 | -0.0159 | -0.0066 | 0.0072 | 0.0201 | 0.029 | 0.0334 | 0.0343 | 0.0329 | 0.0303 | 0.0271 | 0.1417 |
0.64 | -0.0155 | -0.0071 | 0.0058 | 0.0182 | 0.0271 | 0.0319 | 0.0333 | 0.0324 | 0.0301 | 0.0273 | 0.1499 |
0.66 | -0.0152 | -0.0074 | 0.0046 | 0.0165 | 0.0253 | 0.0304 | 0.0323 | 0.0318 | 0.03 | 0.0274 | 0.1576 |
0.68 | -0.0149 | -0.0077 | 0.0036 | 0.0149 | 0.0237 | 0.029 | 0.0312 | 0.0312 | 0.0297 | 0.0275 | 0.1649 |
0.7 | -0.0145 | -0.0079 | 0.0027 | 0.0135 | 0.0222 | 0.0277 | 0.0302 | 0.0306 | 0.0295 | 0.0276 | 0.1719 |
0.72 | -0.0141 | -0.008 | 0.0019 | 0.0122 | 0.0207 | 0.0264 | 0.0292 | 0.0299 | 0.0292 | 0.0275 | 0.1784 |
0.74 | -0.0138 | -0.0081 | 0.0012 | 0.0111 | 0.0194 | 0.0251 | 0.0283 | 0.0293 | 0.0288 | 0.0275 | 0.1845 |
0.76 | -0.0134 | -0.0081 | 0.0006 | 0.01 | 0.0182 | 0.024 | 0.0273 | 0.0286 | 0.0285 | 0.0274 | 0.1903 |
0.78 | -0.013 | -0.0081 | 0.0001 | 0.0091 | 0.017 | 0.0228 | 0.0264 | 0.028 | 0.0281 | 0.0273 | 0.1957 |
0.8 | -0.0126 | -0.008 | -0.0004 | 0.0082 | 0.016 | 0.0218 | 0.0255 | 0.0273 | 0.0277 | 0.0271 | 0.2008 |
0.82 | -0.0122 | -0.008 | -0.0007 | 0.0075 | 0.015 | 0.0208 | 0.0246 | 0.0267 | 0.0273 | 0.0269 | 0.2055 |
0.84 | -0.0118 | -0.0078 | -0.001 | 0.0068 | 0.0141 | 0.0198 | 0.0238 | 0.026 | 0.0269 | 0.0267 | 0.2099 |
0.86 | -0.0114 | -0.0077 | -0.0013 | 0.0062 | 0.0132 | 0.019 | 0.023 | 0.0254 | 0.0264 | 0.0265 | 0.2141 |
0.88 | -0.011 | -0.0075 | -0.0015 | 0.0056 | 0.0125 | 0.0181 | 0.0222 | 0.0248 | 0.026 | 0.0263 | 0.2179 |
0.9 | -0.0107 | -0.0074 | -0.0017 | 0.0052 | 0.0118 | 0.0174 | 0.0215 | 0.0242 | 0.0256 | 0.026 | 0.2215 |
0.92 | -0.0103 | -0.0072 | -0.0018 | 0.0047 | 0.0111 | 0.0166 | 0.0208 | 0.0236 | 0.0251 | 0.0258 | 0.2247 |
0.94 | -0.0099 | -0.007 | -0.0018 | 0.0044 | 0.0106 | 0.016 | 0.0201 | 0.023 | 0.0247 | 0.0255 | 0.2278 |
0.96 | -0.0095 | -0.0067 | -0.0019 | 0.004 | 0.01 | 0.0153 | 0.0195 | 0.0225 | 0.0243 | 0.0252 | 0.2306 |
0.98 | -0.0091 | -0.0065 | -0.0019 | 0.0038 | 0.0096 | 0.0147 | 0.0189 | 0.0219 | 0.0239 | 0.0249 | 0.2331 |
1.0 | -0.0087 | -0.0063 | -0.0019 | 0.0035 | 0.0091 | 0.0142 | 0.0183 | 0.0214 | 0.0235 | 0.0247 | 0.2355 |
|
|
. 2 ³ ( )
z/h | |||||||||||
0.9772 | -0.0231 | -0.0231 | -0.0231 | -0.0231 | -0.0231 | -0.0231 | -0.0231 | -0.0231 | -0.0231 | -0.2308 | |
0.02 | 0.7294 | 0.0991 | 0.0193 | -0.0015 | -0.0099 | -0.0141 | -0.0165 | -0.018 | -0.019 | -0.0197 | -0.2108 |
0.04 | 0.5162 | 0.1916 | 0.0583 | 0.0193 | 0.0031 | -0.0052 | -0.0099 | -0.0129 | -0.0149 | -0.0163 | -0.1908 |
0.06 | 0.3536 | 0.2426 | 0.0912 | 0.0384 | 0.0154 | 0.0034 | -0.0035 | -0.0079 | -0.0109 | -0.0129 | -0.1709 |
0.08 | 0.2389 | 0.2574 | 0.1164 | 0.0554 | 0.0268 | 0.0116 | 0.0027 | -0.0031 | -0.0069 | -0.0096 | -0.1512 |
0.1 | 0.1612 | 0.248 | 0.1336 | 0.0696 | 0.0373 | 0.0194 | 0.0086 | 0.0017 | -0.003 | -0.0063 | -0.1316 |
0.12 | 0.1093 | 0.226 | 0.1432 | 0.0811 | 0.0465 | 0.0265 | 0.0142 | 0.0062 | 0.0008 | -0.0031 | -0.1122 |
0.14 | 0.0743 | 0.199 | 0.1466 | 0.0897 | 0.0544 | 0.033 | 0.0195 | 0.0106 | 0.0044 | -0.093 | |
0.16 | 0.0506 | 0.1715 | 0.145 | 0.0957 | 0.061 | 0.0388 | 0.0244 | 0.0147 | 0.0079 | 0.003 | -0.0741 |
0.18 | 0.0342 | 0.146 | 0.1398 | 0.0992 | 0.0663 | 0.0439 | 0.0289 | 0.0185 | 0.0112 | 0.0059 | -0.0554 |
0.2 | 0.0227 | 0.1233 | 0.1323 | 0.1006 | 0.0703 | 0.0483 | 0.0329 | 0.0221 | 0.0144 | 0.0087 | -0.0371 |
0.22 | 0.0144 | 0.1037 | 0.1235 | 0.1002 | 0.0732 | 0.0519 | 0.0365 | 0.0254 | 0.0173 | 0.0114 | -0.0192 |
0.24 | 0.0085 | 0.0871 | 0.1139 | 0.0985 | 0.075 | 0.0549 | 0.0397 | 0.0284 | 0.0201 | 0.0139 | -0.0016 |
0.26 | 0.0041
: 2017-02-25; !; : 310 | : : , , |
: 0.142 .