81.27
ISBN 978-985-550-537-3 . ., 2014
, 2014
CONTENTS
............................................................................... 3
Unit I. Civil Engineering and Architecture......................................
Unit II. Energy Efficiency..............................................................
Unit III. Postgraduate Education.....................................................
Unit IV. Science. General Problems................................................
Unit V. HVAC Engineering............................................................
Unit VI. Water Supply Engineering.................................................
Unit VII. Transport Engineering and Communications...................
Supplementary Texts for Reading...................................................
References......................................................................................................................
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UNIT I. Civil ENGINEERING AND ArCHITECTURE
See the table All Tenses Compared. Study it carefully and then do an entry test.
All Tenses Compared
| Active Voice ( ) | ||||
| Indefinite | Continuous | Perfect | Perfect Continuous | |
| Present | V, V-s I write () | am is V-ing are I am writing () | have V + ed has V III I have written (, ) | have beenV-ing has I have been writing ( ; ) |
| Past | V + ed V II I wrote (; ) | was V-ing were I was writing ( ; ) | had V + ed had V III I had written ( ; , ) | had been V-ing I had been writing ( , ) |
| Future | will V I will write () | will be V-ing I will be writing ( ) | will have V + ed will have V III I will have written ( ) | will have been V-ing I will have been writing ( , ) |
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, :
She was reading the book the whole evening yesterday.
.
Entry Test
I. Define the tense of the verb.
1. Civil engineering deals with the design and analysis of buildings and large non-building structures.
a) Present Indefinite;
b) Present Continuous;
c) Present Perfect.
2. I didnt think that civil engineering often overlaps with architecture.
a) Present Indefinite;
b) Past Indefinite;
c) Future Indefinite.
3. His mother wants him to be an architect.
a) Present Indefinite;
b) Past Indefinite;
c) Past Perfect.
4. Cass Gilbert was a famous architect of his time.
a) Past Indefinite;
b) Past Continuous;
c) Present Indefinite.
5. He will receive good knowledge in our educational establishment.
a) Future Indefinite;
b) Future Continuous;
c) Future Perfect.
6. At present he is looking for something unusual.
a) Past Continuous;
b) Present Perfect;
c) Present Continuous.
7. I knew all main principles of sustainable architecture.
a) Present Indefinite;
b) Past Indefinite;
c) Past Perfect.
8. Kelly Hart used sustainable building materials in 1970s.
a) Past Indefinite;
b) Past Perfect;
c) Past Continuous.
9. By the first of September, they will have been working at the construction site for 15 months.
a) Future Perfect;
b) Future Continuous;
c) Future Perfect Continuous.
10. The idea to reinforce the structure has attracted attention of some engineers since last innovation.
a) Present Indefinite;
b) Present Perfect;
c) Past Perfect.
