. , , : , - (. 109).
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. . , . (. 18): , (. psychria ); (. mesos ); , (. therm ).
18
, 0 | ||||
0 | 5-15 | 20-22 | ||
25-30 | 30-35 | |||
10-15 | 30-45 | 35-47 | ||
40-45 | 55-75 | 60-105 |
, 14% . ̳, , , , 1-20, 50. .
0 , 20. , 5-15, 250 . Vibrio marinus, Bacillus psychrophilus, Spirillum pleomorphum. .
, , 00. (Acinetobacter, Aerobacter, Azotobacter, Alcaligenes, Aeromonas, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Chromobacterium, Clostridium, Cytophaga, Corynebacterium, Flavobacterium, Micrococcus, Nitrobacter, Nitrosomonas, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Vibrio) Stenphylium, Cladosporium, Olvularium .
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, 30-450. . . E. coli: 100, 420, 370. 370.
̳, 700 . : , , .
̳, (35-500), (700) . , , Clostridium ( 10-700), Desulfotomaculum ( 20-700, 30-550), Aspergillus, Culvularia, Stenfilium.
, , 200. : Bacillus stearothermophilus ( topt 50-65); Desulfotomacullum nigrificans (topt 55); Clostridium thermocellum (topt 55-60, Pseudonocardia, Actinomadura, Microbispora, Micropolyspora, Saccharomonospora, Streptomyces, Thermoactinomyces, Thermomonospora, topt >50.
, 70-900 . , 40-500. ³ : Thermus aquaticus (topt 70-75), Bacillus acidocaldarius (topt 60-65), B. caldolyticus (topt 65-80), Thermomicrobium roseum (topt 70-75), Thermoanaerobium brockii (topt 70), Dictyoglomus thermophilum (topt 73-78).
̳, , . ᒺ 35 , , , , 75-1050. , 䳿 볿 Pyrobaculum islandicum, 1000. Pyrodictium ocultum (t. 1050). - , , , 350, . , , .
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- , ( 1 500 );
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. (220-300 ), (300-380 ) , ﳭ, , , , .
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ij , 䳿 , . , .
̳ - . 103 , 105 , 106 . , (Deinococcus radiodurans, D. radiophilus), (Deinobacter grandis). Alternaria, Aureobasidium, Stenphylium, Stachybotris, Cldosporium.
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. , . Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Halobacterium salinarium 12·103 / (/) 24·103 / . .
. . . (8-40 /) 70 / .
, , , . 106-107 /.
Aquaspirillum magnetotacticum . , 3,8 %, (0,025 %). , .
ó . , 100 , , 200 Escherichia coli, 400 , .
(300-600 ) 3 000-6 000 . ̳ (. baros ) .
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1% 10 000 , 1 100 . , , , , 11 022 , 5 . .
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г . (0,8 0,6) (Penicillium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium .). (1,0 0,9) Spirillum, Nevskia, Hyphomicrobium, Caulobacter, - Desulfotomaculum .
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(. 111).
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(. acidus ) 1,0 6,0 , , Thermoplasma acidophilum (pH 1,8), Sulfolobus acidocaldarius (pH 2,0-3,0), Bacillus acidocaldarius (pH 3,0), Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans (pH 2,0), , , Thiobacillus acidophilus (pH 3,0 -3,5), T. ferrooxidans (pH 1,8-2,4), T. thiooxidans (pH 2,5), T. thioparus (pH 3,0).
(. - ) 8,5-11,5 ( , , ), , Bacillus pasteurii pH 9,0, Sporosarcina ureae pH 9,0, B. firmus pH 9,0-10,5, B. alcalophilus pH 10,5.
, . , . .
- (Eh). - (h), .
R (8,3144 -1-1; 250 RT = 2,479 -1); F (1F = 96 485 -1); ; red ; Cox .
h (+815 2 2 2) (-414 ).
h +810 Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Arthrobacter, Streptomyces. , - .
Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus licheniformis, Paracoccus denitrificans, Thiobacillus denitrificans h +440 . ֳ , . ͳ Escherichia, Enterobacter, Proteus . - , Bacteroides, Propionibacterium .
Eh. (Eh -220 ) (, , , ) ( ) Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum, Methanosarcina barkeri, Methanococcus mazei, Methanospirillum hungatii.
Desulfotomaculum ruminis , (Eh -265 ) , , , Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, Desulfosarcina variabilis, Desulfococcus multivorans, Desulfonema limicola, Desulfobacter curvatus, Desulfotomaculum nigrificans. ֳ .
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, 0,1/ , (. ligos , trophe ). (Achromatium beggiatoa, Thiothrix beggiatoa, Thiothrix .)
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19
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