, , . , , . , , , .
, , :
1. , ;
2. . , - .
. .
, .
, , . .
, .. .
, , .
, . , .
, . .
. 1, 2 3. , , , , , , , , . , .
( ): 1( 1), 2 ( 2), 3 ( 3).
: B 1, B 2, 3 (. 33.1).
.
.
, , , . .
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,
, , , .
: , α i (i = ),
α i, .. i, , α i . α, . .
α , , ().
, , β, . . β ().
, , β.
α = β, , (i , Bj ) . α ij = v , i - j- . , , .
, . .
α = β = 0, .
3, 3. . 31.1 , , 3 .
, .. α < β, , . .
, , = (x 1, x 2 ,...,x), . m - , :
n - = (y 1, y 2, , y), :
, .. :
, , , , , .
, : a ≤ v ≤ b.
xi . :
yj , , .. :
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, , . , () . ,
α β.
2 A 3, .. 3 2 . 4 3, 4.
: 1 B 4, 1; 2 4, 2; B 3 4, 3. :
31.1. (2 x n) (m x 2)
, . (2 ), . . 31.2.
, .
: 1 1- , x 2 2- , 2 = 1 x 1; y 1 1- , 2 2- .., n - .
1-
2, 3,..., n - . . 31.3.
, x 1. X 1 .
, . , .
. , .
1. ,
.
. : x 1 1- , 2, 3, 4 2, 3, 4- , 1 + x 2 + x 3 + x 4 = 1; y 1 1- , 2, 3, y 4, y 5 2, 3, 4, 5- , y 1+ 2+ 3 +y 4 + y 5 = 1.
, . x 2 = x 4 = y 1 = y 2 = y 3 = 0
(. 31.4) (. 31.1). 1 1 = 0 1 = 1, , 1. 1 = 0 x 1 = 1 1 +3, , . , .
3 x 1 + 5.
1 + 3 - 3 1 + 5:
v = x 1 + 3 = 1/2 + 3 = 7/2.
:
(. 31.5).
(. 31.2):
2. (2 n), (. 31.6)
.
α = m (-1,2) = 2,
β = min (4, 3, 3, 6) = 3, 2≤ v ≤ 3.
:
: = (1/2, 1/2), v = 5/2.
(. 31.7).
. 31.3 , x 1 + 3 1 + 2, 2- 3- (. . 31.5), y 1 = y 4 = 0, 3 = 1 y 2.
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(. 31.4):
= (0,1 / 2,1 / 2,0), v = 5/2.
.
= (1/2, 1/2), = (0,1 / 2,1 / 2,0), v = 5/2.
3. ( 2), (. 31.8)
. α = m (2, 2, 2, -2) = 2, β = min (3, 6) = 3, 2 ≤ v ≤ 3. y 1 2 ( y 2 = l y 1) ; x 1, x 2, x 3, x 4 .
(. 31.5):
= (2/3, 1/3), v = 8/3.
, , 1- 3- . , 2 = 4 = 0. , 1 = 1 x 3. 1- (. 31.9, . 31.6).
:
= (1/3, 0, 2/3, 0), v = 8/3.
.
= (1/3, 0, 2/3, 0), = (2/3, 1/3), v = 8/3.