REPORT
Quality indicators of artificial lighting and the normalized performance. Methods to ensure standard levels of quality indicators.
Prepared By
Sergey Tyan CSSE0906R
Quantitative and qualitative indicators
Lighting is characterized by quantitative and qualitative indicators.
Quantitative indicators include:
light output - light output is measured in lumens (lm);
the power of light - light flux density in the solid angle of the chosen direction, called the unit of luminous intensity candelas (cd);
Lighting - light flux density in a given point of the surface unit of illuminance is lux (lx);
the rate of natural lighting (KEO) - the ratio of illumination at a given point in space EVN to simultaneous external horizontal illuminance value Yong created a completely open sky light, expressed in percentages,
Brightness - the ratio of intensity dJa, emitted by the illuminated or luminous surface in this area, to the area dS of the projection of this surface on a plane perpendicular to this direction, the unit of luminance is Candela per square meter cd/m2.
Qualitative indicators include:
Background - a surface on which there is a difference of the object
contrast of the object with the background (R) - the degree of difference of the object and the background - by a ratio of the brightness of the object Lo (points, lines, marks, stains, cracks, or other elements of risk) and background Lf;
ripple light (Re) - is a measure of the depth of light fluctuations due to changes in the flux of time;
glare factor (Po) - criterion glare created by the lighting system;
visibility (V) - describes the ability of the eye to perceive an object, light-dependent, object size, brightness, contrast of the object with the background, the duration of exposure.
Requirements for industrial lighting
Lighting requirements premises industrial administrative and residential buildings provided SNB 2.04.05-98 "Natural and artificial light." According to the building code areas with a constant presence of people should have as a rule, natural lighting.
Natural light is divided into the side, top and combined (top and sides). Natural light is normalized by the value of the rate of natural lighting (KEO).
Rationing of light industrial premises depends on the characteristics of the visual, object size differences, the discharge of visual work and the contrast of the object and the background.
Characteristics of visual work is normalized from "highest precision" to "general monitoring of the production process."
Dimensions different set of 0.15 mm-5 mm or more. There are also 8 bits visual work.
Allowed the use of natural light in the upper krupnoproletnyh assembly plants, in which work is performed in a large part of the room at different levels of the floor and on the different orientation in space of the working surfaces.
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Artificial lighting is the standard value of the illumination. Required on the work surface illumination depends on the size of the object of discrimination, the contrast of the object with the background and reflective background, ie the degree of brightness of the surface on which the object is different.
Visual works are divided into classes and subclass depending on the minimum size of the site and differentiate it from the contrast with the background. For each category and subclass set to light in lux.
Total artificial light industrial premises for a permanent stay of people should be ensured discharge light sources.
The principles of valuation coverage
Calculation of natural light is produced by KEO determination at different points of the characteristic cut premises. Takes into account the direct light beam diffuse sky light, and the light reflected from the internal surfaces of the room and from opposing buildings.
For the calculation of natural lighting, you must have the following:
the length and width of the room,
The number of openings,
the value of the reflection coefficient of the walls and ceiling,
the importance of light transmission and shading windows opposing buildings;
The degree of accuracy of the work.
Valuation principles of artificial lighting:
1. Discharge of visual works.
2. The nature of the background and the contrast of the object and the background.
3. Lighting systems (general or combined).
4. Type of light source.
Normalized value of the minimum illumination - EHmin
As for natural lighting set 8-bit visual works. For the first 5 digits are 4 subclass.
The rate is set on a combination of common and lighting systems with: Ekom> Eobsch
Depending on the type of light source to set standards for discharge lamps and incandescent lamps. And for incandescent one step lower.
For artificial lighting in addition to quantitative characteristics are standardized and qualitative characteristics.
P - glare.
Kn - ripple factor.
