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The list of synonyms and antonyms

Content

Postal Service....................................................................................................................3

Translation of the text........................................................................................................4

The list of terms.................................................................................................................5

Vocabulary.........................................................................................................................6

Questions...........................................................................................................................7

Exercise 1.International words..........................................................................................7

Exercise 2. The list of synonyms and antonyms..............................................................8

Exercise 3. Parts of speech..............................................................................................8

Annotation.........................................................................................................................9

Listofreferences...............................................................................................................10

 

 

Postal Service

Historical references to the postal system in Egypt date back to about 2000 BC. Mail then transported from place to place on horseback or horse-drawn wagon. While dominated government post. In another part of the world, in China, the postal service began in the early 12th century BC. It has been used primarily for the transmission of official documents.

The Roman Empire has created the most advanced system of mail delivery that time, apart from the postal service in China. In the Roman Empire it needed a reliable connection of Rome with the governors and military officials in outlying provinces. The speed with which the government telegrams and other mail moved to the Empire, was amazing for its time. In Europe, the 19th century postal stagecoaches began to carry letters and packages, but most of the mail is still transported in the same manner as in the Roman Empire.

Since then much has changed. Today we can send our letters, also using Airmail, fastest delivery service mail.

Now almost in every city and town. If you want to mail a letter or postcard usual, you have to buy an envelope with the required label, write the address on this envelope, put it your message and send. For registered mail, letters, sent by air mail, or letter to another country, you need to buy and stick to the envelope for other brands.

If you want to send a telegram, or you can go to the nearest post or dictate it over the phone.

But if you have Internet, you do not need to go to the nearest post, you can simply connect to the Internet and use your e-mail program, send a letter or several letters to whomever you want. The only condition is that, if your recipient has a computer and the internet or not. E-mail is cheaper and comes instantly.

If you want to use the traditional method of delivery, and would like your letter arrived quickly, you can use the services of air mail or express mail.

If you want to send a parcel, you have to go to the post office to deliver your parcel postal worker who weigh its sheds and give you the necessary stamps. The amount you have to pay depends on the weight of the parcel. After the appearance of a distributed global naming system DNS, to specify the addresses were used domain names - [email protected] - user user on the machine example.com. At the same time it is redefining the concept of "drive": for mail were used dedicated servers, which have not had access to regular users (only administrators) and users to work in their cars, with the mail does not come to work the machine users and the postal server, where users collect their mail on the various network protocols (including common at present - POP3, IMAP, MAPI, Web interfaces). Along with the advent of DNS was an elaborate system of backup routes for mail and domain name in the email address is no longer the name of a specific computer, and it became a mail domain, for the service that could meet the many server (perhaps physically placed on different continents and in different organizations).

 

In addition, there were (and there are at the moment) and other e-mail systems, such as Netmail network FidoNET, X.400 networks X.25. Access them from the Internet and back via the mail gateway. For mail routing networks X.25 to a special DNS resource record c matches the name X25 (code 19).

 

Translation of the text

2000 . , . . , , 12- . , , .
, . . , , . 19- , , .
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, , , . , , . DNS, - [email protected] - user example.com. : , ( ), , , , ( - POP3, IMAP, MAPI, -). DNS , , (, ).

, ( ) , Netmail FidoNET, X.400 X.25. . X.25 DNS c X25 ( 19)

The list of terms

 

1. Computer () is an electronic device which is capable of receiving information (data) in a particular form and of performing a sequence of operations in accordance with a predetermined but variable set of procedural instructions (program) to produce a result in the form of information or signals.

2. Program () is a set of coded instructions that a computer can understand to solve a problem or produce a desired result.

3. Server - a computer that is designed to solve specific problems in the implementation of the program codes, information storage, maintenance and user database.

4. Telegram - free cross-platform messenger for smartphones and other devices that allows you to exchange text messages and media files of various formats. Uses a proprietary server-side c closed source operating at the facilities of several companies in the US and Germany, Pavel Durov funded in the amount of about 12 million US dollars annually, and several clients with open source software, including under the GNU GPL

5. Internet (English. Internet,) - a global system united computer networks to store and transmit information. Often referred to as the World Network and the Global Network, as well as a network.It is based on the protocol stack TCP / IP. On the basis of the World Wide Web of the Internet works (World Wide Web, WWW) and many other data transmission systems.

6. PPP (Eng. Point-to-Point Protocol) - peer to peer protocol link layer (Data Link) network model OSI. Typically used to establish a direct connection between two nodes on the network, with it can provide connection authentication, encryption (using ECP, RFC 1968), and data compression. It is used in many types of physical networks: a null-modem cable, telephone, cellular, and so on. D.Often there are subtypes of PPP such as Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE), used to connect over Ethernet, and sometimes by DSL; and Point-to-Point Protocol over ATM (PPPoA), which is used for connection of ATM Adaptation Layer 5 (AAL5), which is the main alternative to PPPoE to DSL.PPP is a whole family of protocols: Link Control Protocol (LCP), Network Control Protocol (NCP), authentication protocols (PAP, CHAP), a multi-channel protocol PPP (MLPPP).

7. IP-address (pronounced ah-pi-e, a formative polukalkoy English IP address, the reduction from the English. Internet Protocol Address, where the combination of letters IP (uttering. [Ah-pi]) is an alphabetic abbreviation of the words Internet Protocol Internet Protocol) - a unique network address of the node in a computer network, built over IP. In the global Internet requires a unique address; in the case of a local network requires a unique address within the network. The protocol version IPv4 IP-address is 4 bytes long, and the protocol version IPv6 IP-address has a length of 16 bytes.

8. The domain name system (Domain Name System, DNS) - a distributed database that contains information about the computers (hosts) are included in the Internet. The most common information includes machine name, IP-address and for routing mail.

9. Web-based interface - a set of tools with which the user interacts with the web site, or any other application through a browser. Web interfaces are widely used in connection with an increase in the popularity of the World Wide Web and accordingly - ubiquity of web browsers.

10. The administrator (administrator lat -. Ruler) - Physical official control in an institution, team, company. The National Classification of Occupations (OKZ), the administrator is considered position.

The National Classification of Occupations (OKPDTR) 1995 edition are 10 administrative positions. Almost all of them, for it is, part of the 3431-th, the so-called "core group" - "administrative staff".In 2005 qualifier were added 4 more positions, three of them are connected with maintenance of databases and information systems. These three positions on the OKZ entered into a second "bigger group" - "The specialists of higher qualification" (2139-I "core group" - "computer expert, not included in other groups").

Vocabulary:

reference
to date
to carry ;
horse-drawn.wagon
to convey
advanced
delivery
reliable
governor ,
military officials
faraway provinces
to dispatch ,
amazing ,
stagecoach
postcard
envelope
stamp
registered letter
to stick
condition
recipient
message
required ,
airmail
instant ,
to arrive
parcel
scales
to weigh
to depend on

Questions:

1. When did the postal systems appear in Egypt?
2. When did mail service start in China?
3. What kind of postal delivery system did the Roman Empire build?.
4. What was the main feature of the Roman Empire's mail service?
5. How was the mail transportation organized in Europe in the 19th century?
6. What is today's quickest mailing service?
7. What do we need to do if we want to post an ordinary letter or a postcard?
8. What must one buy for a Registered letter?
9. What kind of mail service does Internet offer?
10. What do you need if you want to send a parcel?

International words

Moment
Telegram
Address
Internet
Administrators
Office
Protocol
Server
Organizations
Program

The list of synonyms and antonyms

Antonyms Translations Synonyms   Translations
Necessary - unnecessary All- round, versatile. , .
Much few Amazing, wonderful, incredible , ,
Usual unusual -    
Quickly slow   Utilize,advantage. , ,
Reliable unreliable Other, different, another , ,


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