1. .
My room is large .
2. :
2.1. :
I saw a letter on the table. .
I saw letters on the table. .
3. .
water , milk , chalk , sugar , tea , snow , grass , wool , meat .
4. ( ).
weather , music , power , knowledge , art , history , mathematics , light , love , life , time
I like music .
, , .
He got a good education. .
, some (any) .
I am __ student.
the
a
an
It is __ armchair.
a
the
an
These__ boys are tall.
the
zero article
a
This is __largest room in the house.
an
the
zero article
He has __brother.
the
an
a
It is __ interesting film.
an
the
a
These__ cars are black.
the
zero article
a
He is __ youngest pupil in class.
an
zero article
the
Mister Brown has __ daughter.
a
an
the
There is __ apple on the table.
the
an
a
I need more __ information.
zero article
the
a
Peter is __cleverest boy in our group.
the
zero article
a
My favorite subject is __English
the
a
zero article
China has the biggest population in __ world
a
an
the
It was __ early morning
a
an
the
What __lovely day!
the
an
a
Where is __ Mary?
a
the
zero article
What __clever man he is!
the
a
zero article
Would you like __apple?
a
the
an
__sun shines brightly.
the
a
an
This is __end of the game.
an
the
a
:
Personal pronouns ( ) - I, you, he, she, him, them, me, it, ..
Possessive pronouns ( ) - my, his, her, mine, its, ours, ..
Demonstrative pronouns ( ) - this, that, these, those.
Indefinite pronouns ( ) - somebody, anything, nothing, ..
Interrogative pronouns ( ) - who, whom, why, when ..
1. . . . ? ?, - ? ? ? ?
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1. :
I -
you - /
he -
she -
it - / ()
we -
they -
2. :
me - ,
you - , , ,
him - ,
her - ,
it - /, / ()
us - ,
them - ,
. :
She is a high school student. - . ()
He loves her. - . ()
. :
After us the deluge. - .
As you sow, so shall you reap. - , .
Man can do no more than he can. - ,
./ .
Before you make a friend eat a bushel of salt with him. - , ./ , .
We know not what is good until we have lost it. - , , ./ , , , .
2. , - , .. , "?":
my (mine) -
your (yours) - ,
his (his) -
her (hers) -
its (its) - / ()
our (ours) -
their (theirs) -
. my, your, their , mine, yours, theirs . :
It's my pillow. ( .) It's mine. ( .)
Is this your car? ( ?). -No, it's his. (-, .)
, . :
. - These are my books.
. - His poems are very interesting.
. :
Pleasure has a sting in its tail. - .
All is fish that comes to his net. - , ./ .
Don't count your chickens before they are hatched. - , ./ .
3. - . 4 :
this - ()
these - ()
that - ()
those - ()
, . :
This is a table. - .
These are tables. - .
, , . :
This is my mother. - . ()
That girl is too rude.- . ()
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I'd like to buy these oranges.- . ()
:
That's a horse of another color - ./ .
That cock won't fight. - ./ .
4. - . , . :
They have some problems. - .( )
Are there any books there? -There are som on that shelf. - - ? - . ( )
, "some" (, ), "any" (, , ) "no" (, ).
1. "some":
some - ,
someone/somebody - -/-
something - -
somewhere - -
somehow - -/-
some time/some day - -/-
, "somebody" "someone" . , "some" , - -. :
(+)* There is someone in the house. - - .
(+) There are some guests in the hotel.- .
(?) Can you give me some water, please? - ? (-)
(?) Would you like some cookies? - ? (-)
* (+), - (-), - (?)
2. "any":
any - , , ,
anyone/anybody - -/-,
anything - -/-,
anywhere - -/-, /-
anyhow - -/-,
any day/any time -
, ", ". :
(-) There isn't any sugar in my coffee. - .
(?) Is there anything interesting on TV? - - ?
(+) I like any kind of fish. - .
3. "no":
no - ,
noone/nobody -
nothing -
nowhere -
, . :
There is no one in the room.=There isn't anyone in the room.( .)
There are no pictures on the wall.=There aren't any pictures on the wall.( .)
:
By doing nothing we learn to do ill. - , ./ - .
There is no rose without a thorn. - .
To know everything is to know nothing. - , .
To put a spoke in somebody's wheel. - - ./ .
Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. - .
5. - . , . " ":
who? - ?
whom? - ? ?
which? - ?
what? - ?
where? - ?
when? - ?
whose? - ?
why? - ?
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, , .
Who is your brother? - ? ()
Which seat is yours? - ? ()
What is the book about? - ? ()
, , , :
Tell me who your friends are and I'll tell you who you are. - , . ( )./ , . ( ).
__ are students of Oxford.
She
He
They
The house lost __ roof in the storm.
his
it
its
There is a table in the room.__ table is round.
These
This
Those
__ are you from?
Where
When
Why
Is there__ paper on the desk?
no
any
some
__ is the best football player in the world.
He
She
They
__ children are in the garden.
Their
It
He
There is a book on the table. __ book is thick.
These
Those
This
__ color is your new dress?
Where
What
Why
She hasnt __ friends in Canada
no
any
some
The bag is heavy. What is there in __?
he
it
she
She washed __ hands and face.
he
her
its
There is a house. __ house is small.
This
Those
These
__is your phone number?
Where
When
What
__ days ago I spoke to him.
No
Any
Some
__works as a stewardess.
He
She
It
We live in block of flats__ flat is on the third floor.
your
their
our
They say that __man is their teacher.
these
this
those
__ are my glasses?
Where
When
Who
Is there __bread on the table?
some
any
no
__ is a housewife.
He
She
It
Mr. and Mrs. Brown have two children. Both __ children are boys.
his
her
their
__ are my books.
This
These
That
__ will he do tomorrow?
What
Why
When
there is/there are
. there is there are. , .
there is/ there are - , , , , , "". :
There is one chair in the room. - () .
There are some chairs in the room. - () .
1. there is/ thre are, , , . there is/ thre are . :
There is a knife on the table. - (, ) .
There are five balls in the box. - () .
, there is , there are - . : (There) - (to be) - (Object) - (Adverbial modifier).
there is/ there are , . :
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There is a cup of tea on the table. - () .
There is one stove in the kitchen. - () .
There is some furniture in the hall. - () .
There are six couples in the game. - (, ) .
There are some houses nearby. - () .
, , one, a/an; (, furniture - ) some; - , some ( several - ).
there is/ there are "not" to be. there is not/ there are not, there isn't/ there aren't. :
There isn't a door in this room. - .
There isn't any milk in the fridge. - .
There aren't any people at the store. - .
, , some any. .
there is/ there are "no" () . . :
There is no ham on this sandwich. - .
There are no palyers in this team. - .
there is/ there are , .. . :
Is there one TV in the bedroom? - Yes, there is. -No, there isn't. - ? -. -.
Is there any sugar in the tea? -Yes, there is. -No, there isn't. - ? -. -.
Are there any windows in the castle? -Yes, there are. -No, there aren't. - ? -. -.
, there is/ there , .
there is/ there are who? what? why? .. ( where?). , . :
What is there in your bag? - () ?
Why are there so many policemen in the bank? - ?
Who is there in your car? - ?
How many students are there in the classroom? - ?
2. there is/ there are . to be, - there was, - there were. :
There was a supermarket in this area of the city. - .
There were some interesting pistures in the gallery. - .
There wasn't a computer in the study. - .
There weren't any horses in the village. - .
Was there any food in the fridge? - ?
Were there any Italian restaurants in the city? - ?
4. there is/ there are .
There are none so blind as those that will not see. - , .
Theres more than one way to skin a cat. - ./ , .
Theres no bad weather, there are bad clothes. - , .
Theres no smoke without fire. - .
Theres no place like home. - , ./ , . Theres no time like the present. - , ./ , .
Theres no such thing as a free lunch. - ./ .
there is/ there are.
There __ a sofa in the corner of the living-room.
are
is
were
There __ a lot of places of interest in France.
are
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is
was
There __ a lot of students in the hall.
was
is
are
There __ a letter for you on the table.
is
are
were
There __ pictures on the walls.
was
is
are
There __ a rose in the vase.
are
is
were
There __some chalk in the box.
is
are
were
There __ a lot of flats in the block.
is
was
are
There __ a desk in my study.
is
were
are
There __ a lot of books in the bookcase.
was
are
is
There __ a washing-machine in our bathroom.
is
were
are
There __ many interesting books in our library.
was
is
are
To be, to have, to do
- , . , , , .
to be, to have, shall, should, will, would , to be, to have, to do , , .
to be
. to be :
1. Continuous Perfect Continuous ( Participle I ):
Matter is constantly changing and is constantly moving -- .
What have you been doing since I saw you last? -- , ?
The Curies had been working for fours years before they discovered radium -- , .
2. ( Participle II ):
Energy is measured in the same units as work -- , .
The particles move faster in the place where the body is being heated -- , .
.. to be , , .
The behaviour of gas is easily understood if we remember what it is , , (.: , ).
to be Present Indefinite Past Indefinite :
"Is Mr Upright at home?", I asked timidly. No, Mr Upright was not at home and he saw nobody Sunday. (J. L.) -- A?", - . , , .
. to be , (. to be ).
. to be to , - . to be Present Indefinite ( ) Past Indefinite ( ):
We are to finish with the experiments in two months at the most. -- .
Mary was to work as an prentice for two years without any remuneration -- , .
to be Past Indefinite Perfect Infinitive , , , :
was to have made a report on physical properties of solids -- ( ).
to have
. to have Perfeet ( Participle II ):
The experiment has revealed something new in nature, -- .
H told her what had happened and left -- , , .
. to have /. . ), : to have a talk (. to talk ), to have a swim (. to swim ), to have a smoke (. to smoke ) . .
to have Present Past Indefinite to do:
Did you have a talk with our dean yesterday? ?
. to have , , , : to have dinner , to have some water , to have a pleasant time . . to have Present Past Indefinite to do:
Did you have a pleasant time yesterday? -- ?
. to have , . to have:
A liquid has the shape of the containing vessel -- , .
Every mechanism has friction -- .
. to have :
I have an English textbook.
to have Present Indefinite Past Indefinite :
Has he radio set? ?
Had they lectures yesterday? ?
A liquid has no shape of its own.
A liquid hasn't a shape of its own.
A liquid hasn't any shape of its own.
.
to have . . , haven't, hasn't, hadn't, .
: 1) to have , (. to have ).
2). I have, he has . . I've got (=I have got), he's got (==he has got), I had , . I'd got (==I had got) . .:
I've got the tatest edition of "Technical News" -- .
Have you got the latest edition of "Technical News"? -- ?
I haven't got the latest edition f "Technical News" -- .
. to have to . must must :
You see, there are a number of experiments that have to be done -- , ,
They had to carry the wounded from the ambulances to the hospital -- , .
to have must , to have , , :
In technics we have to do with pressure much greater than that of air -- , .
You will have to make numerous computations -- .
to have to do:
D you have to do that part of the work in the laboratory? -- ?
to do
. to do :
1. Present Past Indefinite:
"Do you want to go to movie tonight?" he asked, " ?", - cnpo .
Why did you not come by the nine o'clock train? -- ?
2. :
Don't go away! -- He !
Don't talk! -- He !
Don't be late? -- He !
3. , , . to do (do, does, did) , to. do (does), did.
George asked me if I remember it bered our first trip... I answered that I did re member it -- , . , .
D come and see us. -- , !
D be quiet, comrades! -- He , !
, , , . .
4. . , to do , . to do , , :
My father heard it all as plainly as I did. -- , ().
You must pull a rubber band as hard with your left hand as you do with your right. -- , .
5. Present Past Indefinite :
Who took the dictionary? - I did. ? ().
Does he help you? -Yes, he does. ? ().
Do you like the new play? - Yes, I do. No, I don't. ? (). ( ).
. to do , , .:
Is there anything I can do for you? -- - ?
Forces which do positive work are sometimes called efforts. - , , .
. to be a , .
to be, to have, to do.
They __ students.
am
are
is
Her uncle __ got a car.
has
have
was
We __ study on Sundays.
dont
doesnt
havent
He __ a doctor.
am
are
is
My aunt __ got a country house.
have
has
was
He __ work on Saturdays.
dont
doesnt
havent
They __ sportsmen.
are
am
is
My son __ got a lot of toys.
was
has
have
She __ all her work at home.
do
dont
does
I __not a schoolgirl.
are
am
is
__ you got any friends in your group?
Has
Have
Haves
We usually __our homework after classes.
do
doesnt
don't
His daughter __ a little girl.
am
is
are
He __ two pets at home.
have
haves
has
He __his bed every morning.
do
does
dont
I __eighteen years old.
be
am
are
We __two lessons of English today.
has
haves
have
I always __it with great pleasure.
do
does
doing
