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, , ., (). (), .

, . . () , .

, ( ) . . - . ( 32 , , 16 , ). , , 00001010 +(23+2l)= + l0, 10001100 (23 + 22) = 12 ( 8- ). , , .

( , , ) : . , . , , 3- 4- , 00001010 00001,010= (1 + 0 2-1 + 1 2-2 + 0 2-3) = 1,25. = 2b. ( ) , b ( ) . ( ) .

b b = 2kb1, k ( k =2). m b = 2kb2 m, ( b2 > 0 b , ).

- ( ) . , , . . , , .

. . .

, : () (). = 1, p = 0.

, , . = f(xi,..., xn), (xi,..., xn) , () , . , ( (Xi,..., n} . , (Xi,..., Xn) .

. = 2 , . (=) (¹). . .

( ) >, <, >, £, ³. .

, , , . = f (Xi,..., ), . = 1 , = 2 . .

, , . ( ) . . .

, . : (), () : (). /\ 0 /\ 0 = 0, 0 /\ 1=0, 1 /\ 0 = 0, 1 /\ 1=1. V 0 V 0 = 0, 0 V 1 == 1, 1 V 0=1, 1 V 1 = 1. , ù : ù 0=1, ù 1=0. ù /\ V ( ). , ù a /\ b \/ c /\ ù d :

((ù a) /\ b) V ( /\ ù a)).

, , , , . , .

(-) , . (, , ), n n . ( ) yi=fi(xi, 2,......, xm) (i == 1,..., n). , .

( ) ( ) ( , . .).

() , , ( ), . ,

( ) , . 1.

, x y , . (, ), , . , . , , . 2,

u = x /\ y \/ ù z v = ù (x V y V z).

, , , . (, .). .

, , ( ). , - (), , = f(xi,..., xn) ( ).

, , , ( = X1 2) () 32 , , , .

, , , . .

, . 60- (, , .), 80- , . , , (. . ) . .

, . , ,. . . , , . . - (, , .).

, . , . ( ) t1,t2,... , . , ( ) D t = const, . , . , , .

, . , . ( ), . , , , ( ).

, . . () , () . 1, 2,..., . .

, () , . ( ) () .

, = .

, , .

, , ( , 0, 1). , , , , . , . , (, ) , , - . .

 

 



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