:
:
3 23
II
-
-21
:
..
2013
...............................................................................................3
...................................................................................................................4
1. ........................................5
2. ..8
3. .16
4. ....22
5. 腅.27
6. 腅..31
7. .33
8. 酅.34
9. ..35
10. 腅..36
..........................................................................................................37
.............................................................................................38
.........................................................................................................39
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1
1
2
3 - .
4
5
6
:
F= 2,4;
V=0,4m/c;
D=250;
L = 10 ;
= 0,7;
= 0,35.
- , . () (). (, , ..), , () .
, : ( ), , , .
. . - , , . . ( ) ( , , , ).
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, : .
1
1.1 .
,
- , 
- , 
- , 
- , 
[1, .46]
1.2
*3 = FV = 2,40,4 = 0,96
* = 3/η0 = 0,96/0,86= 1,12
1.3
-1
=(23)*(36)*(36)=(18108)
- , = 23;
- , = 36;
- ,
= 36. [1, c.48].
=30,6*(18108)=(550,83304,8)
3 80 183-74 [1,c. 384]
: 802; 
= 1.5 , 
= 2850 -1, 
= 22 .
1.4 .
: u=n/n3
n - , -1.
u=2850/30,6=93,1
.
(2, .49) U=2,5, U=4.
:
2185-66
.
U =2,5
1.5 .
:
- : n= 2850 -1,
- : n=n/U=2850/2,5=1140 -1,
- : n=n/U =1140/7,1=160,56 -1,
- : n3=n/U =160,56/5,2=30,8 -1.
1.6 .
*3 = FV = 2,40,4 = 0,96
* = 3/η0 = 0,96/0,86= 1,12
: T=9550*P/n=9550*1,5/2850=5,03
- :
=*U*ɳ* ɳ =5,03*2,5*0,95*0,99=11,83
- :
=* U()* ɳ* ɳ =11,83*7,1*0,98*0,99=81,49
- :
3=* U* ɳ =81,49*5,2*0,94=398,22
1 -
| n, -1 | , | , | |||
| 1,12 | 5,05 | 7,1 | |||
| 1,06 | 11,83 | ||||
| 2,5 | |||||
| 160,56 | 1,03 | 81,49 | |||
| 5,2 | |||||
| 30,8 | 0,96 | 398,22 |
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2
2.1 .
2.1.1 .
40. - .
: -260...280 , - 230...260 .
, .
(2, .59): 1=0,5*(min+max)=0,5*(230+260)=245;
: 2=0,5*(min+max)=0,5*(260+280)=270
2.1.2 .
: σHlimb=2+70
σHlimb= 2*245+70 =610,
σHlimb= 2*270+70 = 560 .
Lh= - ;
Lh=365*24*L*Kr*Kc
L= 10 - ;
= 0,7 - ;
= 0,35 - ;
Lh=365*24*10*0,7*0,35=21500
Nk =60* *n *Lh,
n- , ;
=1 - ;
Nk1 = 60*1*1140*21500 =1470 *106 ,
Nk2 = 60*1*160,56*21500 =207*106 .
NHlim1=20*106 ,
NHlim2=16*106
ZN Nk> NHlim1
σ= 
SHmin=1,1 - .
σ= 
σ= 
:
[1, c.62],
- , 
=1,75
SF , SF=1,7
YN
, 
=4*106 . 
, YN1= YN2=1.
2.1.3 .
.
K , K= 430;
KHβ , KHβ=1,11,2;
u , u=7,1;
Ψba , Ψba=bw/aw, Ψba=0,50,6, Ψba=0,30,4;
σ , σ= σ2→min σ=468,4.
aw = 125 2185-66.
:
bw=Ψ *aw =125*0,25=31,3
bw=32 .
: mn=(0,01... 0,02)*aw =(0,01... 0,02)*125=1,25...2,5.
9563-60 mn=1,5 .
14º,53΄ :
bw=32≥ 
- .
.
ZΣ = Z3 + Z4 = 2*aw*cos14º53΄/2 = 2*125*cos14º,53΄/2 =161,6 ZΣ=161.
:
.
Z1= Z2/(l + u) =161 /(1+7,1)=20,6
Z1 = 20.
Z1 > Zmin=17*cos3β.
35 >17cos314,9836 =15
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.
Z2 = ZΣ-Z3 = 161-20=141
, :
:
dw1=mn* Z1/cosβ = 1.5*20/cos14.9836=30.9
dw2 = mn*Z2/cosβ =1.5*141/ cos14.9836 =218.3
:
da1= dw1 + 2*mn = 30.9+2*1.5= 33.9
da1 =dw2 + 2*mn = 218.8+2*1.5=221.8
:
dfl = dw1 -2,5*mn = 30.9-2,5*1.5=26
df2 = dw2 - 2,5*mn = 218.8-2,5*1.5=214
b2= bw=32
b1 = b2 + (1...2)
b1 =32+1=33
.
aw = 0,5*(dw1 + dw2) = (30.9+218.8)=124.6
2.1.4 .
21354-87
,
ZE - , , ZE=190 ;
ZH - , , α=20º, β=14,53º
Zε -, , : Zε = 
,
- ,
Ft- : Ft = 2T1/d2 = 2*11,83*103/41,3 =572,9H
= KA*KHβ*KHα*KHυ = 1,54*1,03*1,14*1,05 =1,54,
.5.4 (2, .64) =1,54;
β- , .5.7.(2, .64), Ψbd=b2/d1=32/41.3≈0.77 6, <350, β=1,03;
Hα- , , . 5.8 (2, . 65)
, n=9 Hα=1,14;
KHυ- , KHυ=1,05
:
.. 15% .
2.1.5 .
:
σF ≤ σFP,
σF- ;
σFP- .
(1, .68)
KF- ,
KF=KA*KFβ*KFα*KFυ=1.25*1.38*1*1.08=1.9
KA- .5.4 (2, .64), KA=1.25;
KFβ- , . 5.7. (2 .64), Ψbd=1.23 6, ≤350, KFβ=1,38;
KFα-, (1. 69), KFα=1;
KFυ- , n=9, ≤350, υ=1,8/, KFυ=1,08.
YFS :
zv1= 
- YFS1=4.48 (2, c.67)
zv2= 
- YFS2=3,6 (2, c.67)
, :
εβ-
, :
.
2.1.6
: Ft1= -Ft2=2*T2/dw2=2*81.49*103/291=560H
d2 - , .
: Fr1=-Fr2 = Ft1tgα/cosβ=560*0.364/0.968=210H
α=20 - .
: Fal = -Fa2 = Ft1tgβ = 560*0.26 = 146H
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3.1
T =11,83
=81,49
d =22
3.2
, . : d 1.
1
:
:
d1=18, l=27.
:
d2=d1+(34)ʄ=18+3=20
ʄ - (), ʄ=1
l=l-(510)=27-(510)=(2217)
2336-78
6x620 23360-78
.
204 8338-75
d=20; D=47; B=14; r=1.5; C=12700; C0=6200.
2-2035-3 8752-79
h=7
d3=d2+(34)r=20+3*1.5=24.5
d3=25.
:
= 1020
d1=28
2
l1=1,5* d1=1,5*28=42
l= l1-(510)=42-(510)=(3732)
2336-78
8736 23360-78
:
d2=d1+(34)ʄ=28+(3*1,5)=32,5
ʄ - (), ʄ=1,5
d2=30
.
206 8338-75
d=30; D=62; B=16; r=1.5; C=19500; C0=10000.
2-3052-3 8752-79
h=10
d3=d2+(34)r=30+3*1.5=34,5
d3=35.
3.2.1 8338-75 . 17 [2, .396]. , .
- .
1:1. , .
3.3
δ = 0,025 aw +1 = 0,025 *124,6 + 1 =4,1
δ =6.
:
=(1,01,1)*δ=(1,01,1)*6=(6...6,6)
,
2=4* δ=4*6=24
:
=10
101,5-6g60 7798-70
101,5-7 5915-70
10-65 6402-70
:
l=δ+2,5* =6+2,5*10=30
3
:
L=2* δ*x+d1/2+d2/2+aw=2/30+2*6.5+30.9/2+218/2+125=322.45
:
μ=400/L=400/322.45=1.2
μ=1:1
4.1
Ft=560H; Fr=210H; Fa=146H; F=1128,4H;
F , F=125 
=125 
=1128,4
d2=218,3
1=30; 2=30; 3=53.
4.2
4 -
1:
Σ(1)=0; -Ft*a1+x3(a1+ a2)- Fk(a1+ a2+ a3)=0;
x3=(1/ (a1+ a2))*(Ft*a1+ Fk(a1+ a2+ a3))=1/60(560*30+1128,4*113)=2405,2 H
3:
Σ(3)=0; Ft*a2-x1(a1+ a2)- Fk*a3=0;
x1=(1/ (a1+ a2))*(Ft*a2- Fk*a3)=1/60(560*30-1128,4*53)=-716,8
:
x1- Ft+ x3- Fk =0
-716,8-560+2405,2-1128,4=0
YOZ:
Σ(1)=0; - Fr* a1- ((Fa*d2)/2)+y3(a1+ a2)=0;
y3=(1/ (a1+ a2))*(Fr* a1+(Fa*d2)/2)=1/60(210*30+146*218,3/2)=370,6 H
Σ(3)=0; Fr* a2- ((Fa*d2)/2)+y1(a1+ a2)=0;
y1=(1/ (a1+ a2))*(Fr* a2-(Fa*d2)/2)=1/60(210*30-146*218,3/2)=-160,6 H
: ΣY=0
y1- Fr+ y3=0
-160,6-210+370,6=0
Y:
y(1)=0; y(4)=0;
y(2)= x1*a1=-716,8*30=-21504 H;
y(3)=-Fk* a3=-1128,4*53=-59805,2 H.
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YOZ:
x(1)=0; x(3)=0; x(4)=0;
x(2)=y1*a1=-160,6*30=-4818 H;
x(2)=y1*a1+ Fa*d2/2=-160,6*30+146*218,3/2=11117,9 H.
:
:
(3)=(3)=-59805,2.
=59805,2.
4.4
Wx
- , 45,
=GT/ST=650/1,5=430
GT , GT=650 ;
ST , ST=1,21,8
, [1. .152]:
-
- , =22,5
;
.
45: ≥650 (. . 10.7), σ-1=380; τ-1=230; Ψσ=0,1; Ψτ=0,05; σ=900.
τm=τ=25
