53
ֲ
: " .
: , , , , , .
1. ֲͲ .
- , , . . , F=−kx ( ), ( ). , .
"" . (.53.1), . . , . (.53.2), 1-2 , 2-3 , ( ). , , , () (. 53.2). , .
2. . IJ.
, . , . () . . 䳿 . ( ), , .. ϳ 䳿 .
, , 䳿 , . .
, 䳿 - ( - ). , ( ) , 㳿 . , .. . , , "". , , , . , , : 1) , ( ); 2) (); 3) 䳺 .
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( ...), , . .
, , , . , ( ). ֳ ( ). , .
, - . , , . .
- . , 30 /, , , , - .
3. ֲ ² ϲ.
- , (10-15 ...). , 1-3 . , U . . , , . ϳ U ( ). - . 53.3. , I ( ). ( 1‑2) ( ).
, 2-3 ( 1-2)
U , , .
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- (. 53.4), 1‑2 2‑3 . R i U. ij, U R i = ¥ ( ). U > U , . ctg a (. 53.4).
. 53.5. , R . .
( ). , ʳ RC.
iR + U = U o , (53.1)
iR - i, U - , U o - ( ). ,
, (53.2)
-
(53.3)
(53.4)
' U = 0 t = 0
(53.5)
(53.5) U o ( , .53.6). , U U o , . U = U R = ¥ R = const.
R , , , , , ( ). , U U , . , ( CD) .., .
. t t
= t + t (53.6)
, . 53.6,
t = t 2 - t 1 (53.7)
t 2 - U , t 1 - U .
t 2 t 1 53.5
(53.6)
(53.7)
(53.8)
(53.9)
(53.10)
R R , t t T = t ,
(53.11)
4. .
53.11 , , R . 53.11, :
. (53.12)
R
R o C o , R ox C x , . R o T o, R x - , 53.12
(53.13)
(53.14)
C o - , - , - .
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5. ֲ .
R o t o N o , . t N , .
(53.15)
(53.16)
, ,
(53.17)
(53.18)
( , ).
, ( ) ( , ).
4 %, . 4 %.
. . ' , 0,4 (0,2 , 0,2 ) , 2%.
, , 20 .
6. ˲Ͳ .
. ֳ ( , , , , ) .
1. . 53.7 . .
2. . N o t o , 20 . 53.1.
3. R o R x1.
4. N 1 20 .
5. R x2 R x3 . 53.1.
53.1
ʳ , N | t, | Dt, | , | DR, | |
R o = | |||||
: | |||||
R x1 | R x1 = | ||||
R x2 | R x2 = | ||||
R x3 | R x3 = |
6. (53.15) , (53.17) , . 53.1.
7. C x1, C x2 C x3. , C o C xx 20 .
(53.16), (53.18). 53.2.
53.2
ʳ N | t, | Dt, | C, | DC, | |
C o = | |||||
: | |||||
C x1 | C x1 = | ||||
C x2 | C x2 = | ||||
C x3 | C x3 = |
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7. 1.
.
1. dz . 53.8. .
2. ( ). , .
3. , . , (, ).
, U max - ( ); U min ( ).
' . U max U min.
8. 2.
.
, (. 4, 53.12).
, , ( 8, 1), . 2 53.12 .
, . , . , . - .
Ͳ
1. ? .
2. ? .
3. .
4. - ( ).
5. ?
6. .
7. ?
8. ?
54
Ҳ ί Ҳ ̲ в ˲ ̲
: .
: 54
1. ̲
, . ,
I = I osin (wt+j0), (54.1)
o - () ; ω ( ) , , ν (54.2); j .
w=2p/T=2p v (54.2)
, , ( ) , :
, (, ) .
m ( (54.3)). ( (54.4)).
(54.3)
(54.4)
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2. ϲ ˲ ̲
- , Q (54.5).
(54.5)
, I o U o . , , , . 54.2.
. , R. U. , . , .
3. Ͳ ˲ ̲
, . , (). , , q j 1- j 2= U .
, (54.6)
, , ( ). (.54.3), . . ij, , . , .
ʳ .
dq dU, ,
, (54.7)
i
. (54.8)
, (54.9)
U o , 54.8 ( ),
. (54.10)
, p /2 (. 54.4).
, (54.10)
. (54.11)
, ,
, (54.12)
( ).
4. Ͳ ˲ ̲
, ,
, (54.13)
L, ( [1]), , 1 = 1 /.
dI d
, (54.14)
, (54.15)
,
. (54.16)
(54.16) , , 1 1 / 1 .
L, , (.54.5), . ij, , .
䳺 U e :
. (54.17)
, (R =0),
, (54.18)
(54.16)
. (54.19)
, (54.20)
(54.14)
, (54.21)
(54.20) , p/2,
(54.21) ()
. (54.22)
U=IR , Lw ,
. (54.23)
5. ϲ, Ͳ Ͳ ˲ ̲
. .54.7 璺 R, L () .
, (54.8), U R , U L , U C , I o , . , ,
, (54.24)
(54.11) (54.22)
, (54.25)
, (54.26)
,
, (54.27)
, ( ).
6. Ҳ ̲ .
(), (54.26) (54.28). , , (54.28) , ν , ω=2πν, (54.29) .
(54.28)
(54.29)
, .
7. Ҳ ί
, , ..
, , R, (54.30), (54.31) (54.32) L.
(54.30)
(54.31)
(54.32)
[2] μ, ( ). ij, L (54.33),
, (54.33)
μ 0 , 4π×10-7 /; n ; S ; μ ( , ). L 0 (μ = 1, ), L , (54.34). ( L = μμ 0 n 2 S L 0 = μ 0 n 2 IS.)
(54.34)
8.
(54.29), (54.31), (54.32) , ν . . , : 1) ; 2) ; 3) d Δ . , (54.35) , (54.36).
(54.35)
(54.36)
. ν = 50 , Δ ν = 0,5 . π, π = 3,14,Δ π = 0,005. . R Δ R.
9. ˲Ͳ
, : , , , , (), . , .
1. Ҳ
1. . 54.9. . , 1.
, . 54.1.
2. . 1 2. , , .
3. 璺 . 54.1.
54.1.
, | D , | U, B | D U, B | C, | D / | D , | |
1 | |||||||
2 | |||||||
璺 | |||||||
璺 |
(54.29) 1 2, 璺. dz (54.37) (54.38) 璺.
(54.37)
(54.38)
(54.35).
2. Ҳ ί Ͳ Ͳ
1. .54.10.
2.
. 54.2.
3. ( ) . 54.2 .
4. (54.32) .
5. (54.34).
6. (54.18). 54.2.
54.2.
, | D I, A | U, B | D U, B | n, | D n, | R, | DR, | L, | D L, | m | ||
9. Ͳ Ͳ в.
. , (, , , . .) .
. , 䳿 .
1. . (.54.11). . 54.12 , . , . . , , , , .
2. - - , (, , . .). .54.13. . , ( ) , . .
(-), . ( ). .
3. . , , . , , . , () , . , , . , , .
.54.14, - . (. 54.14, ). ( ). . (. 54.14, ).
10. Ͳ
1. ? .
2. ? ?
3. ? ³ ? ?
4. ? ³ ?
5. .
6. ?
7. ?
8. .
9. ?
55
в
Ͳ ²Ҳ
: , .
: , , , .
. , ' i , , . , , i .
1. . ²Ͳ ײ
() L. .
1. , (.55.1). - (55.1), U max - () .
(55.1)
2. 䳺 () . () I max(.55.2), 㳿 L I max - (55.2).
(55.2)
3. ϳ , , 䳺 i , i (.55.3), . , 㳿 . 䳿 . ʳ :
, (55.3)
- q, - , 䳺 . , (55.4), (55.3) (55.5).
, (55.4)
, (55.5)
' (55.6), w0 - (55.7),
q=q maxsin (w0t+j), (55.6)
(55.7)
, , (55.7) :
. (55.8)
() q max j0 ( ), (55.6) .
2. ²Ͳ ײ в
³ . , , 㳿 ( ).
.55.4 , R . I U R (55.9) i ʳ (55.10) ( - , - .)
(55.9)
(55.10)
' (55.10) (55.11),
, (55.11)
q0 - t=0, w (55.12).
, (55.12)
, (55.4), , :
, (55.13)
q0w aiy I0 t=0. (55.13) , , b i i (55.13) (55.14).
, (55.14)
(55.15)
.55.5 . (55.15), : ( ). . ij, , n = n+1 i d = ln1 = 0, "" .
3. Ͳ в.
, 䳺 . .55.6 ().
U
, (55.16)
U max - () , W - ( ). ʳ (55.17), (55.10) U.
' , , W, (55.18)
(55.17).
(55.18)
(55.18) , (55.19), . () R, R L =wL .
RL = RC . , : W w0 .
W w0 ( ).
. 55.7 () . . 3 "". I = 0,7×I. , DW w 0, I = 0,7×I (.55.8).
³ , Q (55.20), . , (55.21).
, (55.20)
, (55.21)
, 2p 㳿 㳿, - .
4. ˲Ͳ
, .
, . . . 20 20000 , .
1. .55.9. , C1. R 1. . " " .
2. i , "" , , , . , , . ϳ , i . , 10 20 ( ), .
3. () R2 , R3 . .
4. 1, 2, 3 , C2. 55.1.
55.1
W, | ||||||||||||||||||
, | , | |||||||||||||||||
R 1 = | I 1 | |||||||||||||||||
R 2 = | I 2 |
: 2017-01-21; !; : 633 | : : , , . |
: 0.293 .