.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


, , 2




5. , vs. ( = 21) .

2.2.5 .

, 50 60 ( , 0,19%/ [0,13%/, Akima et al (103) Rafeei (104)]). 30 40 ( 0,06%/) 120 480 ( 0,10%/). , , , 50 60 (10 , 0,18%/). 6.

, 3 , , 5- 6, 7- 9 ≥10 . 5- 6 - 0,19%/ (0,13%/, Akima et al (103) Rafeei (104)). ≥10 0,10%/ 3 4 0,06%/. : 3 (2 ) = 0,08%/; 4 (6 ) = 0,12%; 5 6 ( ) = 0,17% (0,11%/, Akima et al (103) Rafeei (104)); ≥10 ( ) = 0,10%/.

6. / vs. ( = 21).

2.2.6 .

(8 ) 37,5 75 . 0,16%/. 6- 170 300 . 0,09%/. (7 ) 0,12%/ 40 84 .

2.2.7 - .

- ( , 1). . - , , ( ). , 10 25 50 ( 0,14%/), 50 100 (0,14%/) 100 265 (0,10%/).

2.3 .

(55, 106- 110), , 9 .

2.3.1 , /.

84 . 56 , 98 . 8,9% ( 4,8 14,6%), - 0,11%/ (0,06 0,26%).

2.3.2 .

(4 ) 0,12%/, 4- (5 ) 0,11%/. (0,26%/) (106) .

2.3.3 .

70% (7 ), 80% 100% . (0,26%/) (106), (100% ).

2.3.4 .

4 150. 1 30 , 80 150 . . , () , . , (0,26%/) (106) -.

2.4 .

(77,78,86,96,111-113), . 2.1 2.2. (, , ), , , .

2.4.1 : vs. .

(77,78,96,111) . , : = 0,09%/; = 0,10%/. (86,112,113), 0,12%/.

2.4.2 .

70 , 168 . 15,1%. 34% (0,24%/), 3,9% (0,05%/).

2.5 .

2.5.1

. , (34%) (112) 20 (. 7). ( 8). Abe et al (84) Rafeei (104) , .

7. vs. ( = 91).

8. vs. ( = 91)

2.6 .

(114 - 121), ( - , ). 9 9 , . ( ) , ( ) , ( ) DER , - ( ) - .

2.6.1 vs. .

40 ( 20 119 ). 11,1%, - 0,30%/. , , , , . , . 1,3% (0,03%/). , 2,7% (0,09%/). 7,7% (0,22%/), 0,30%/ ( 6%). -3,8% (- 0,19%/). , , , . (2,3 ) (14 ).

2.7 .

(99,122,123) , . (99) 3 -5 10 ( ) 750/, , 9 . 10,1% (0,16%/). (122) , , , , , 2 , 8 . , . 9,8% (0,18%\). , , . , , . 12,1% (0,22%/), () . , , (5%). (123) 40 , , 8 . 6% (0,11%/).

 

3. 2. .

3.1 .

16 (25,53,124- 137), ( ) DER . 56 ( - ). ( ) , , ( ), . , 3.1.1 3.1.4. (4 ) , , ( ), . , , . 3.1.1 3.1.4 , () 24 . - , ≈180% .

3.1.1 . /.

91 . 30 , 6 . 15,8% 0,20%. (33%) , 6 (130), (32,6%) 11 (125).

3.1.2 .

9. 2,9 . 3 (17 24 ), 2 (6 ). 4 . 2 . (0,59%/) (128) . 0,18%\.

9. DER vs. ( = 24).

3.1.3 .

( ) 72%, ( ), , , . , , 180% - (126), . , . 10%. , . 75% ( 10).

10. DER vs. ( = 24) RM= .

3.1.4 .

11. 5,4, 47. : 1) 7 38 ( ); 2) 42 66 (9 ); 74 120 (5 ). 42 66 (0,26%/). 7 38 0,15%/, 74 120 0,18%/. 4 6 (9 , 0,24%/). 3 3,5 ( ) 0,17%/ ≥9 (5 ) 0,18%/.

11. DER vs. ( =24).

3.2 .

(25,48,138), , - 4 . - . 140 , 56 . 0,16% 0,12% . (16,3%, 0,12%/) (11%, 0,20%/) . , . . 4,6 10 . 84,8 ( 13,9 146,2).

3.3 .

(21,124,139), , 3. 0,14%. (23,0%) - 100- - (21). (21,124): 0,23%/ 0,06%/ ; 3 (139) 0,16%/. (21,124,139): 100%, 67% 80% . - 3-24. 30 (21.124) 96 (139).

 

4.

4.1

DER (0,55%/) (84) (12 ). , : 1) 2 ; 2) 20% ; 3) . , . , DER (0,11% vs. 0,11% ). . (0,26%/) (106) 3 . , (100% ), . (0,44%/), (104) , , (103) 5 (0,22%/). (0,17 0,21%/) (27,87,105), 2 3 .

(0,30%/) (115) (14 ), (0,22%/) (118) . , , / . , Tesch et al (118) . Alkner & Tesch (119) , (118) , , , , . (114), 100% , , . (117), (-), 90% , , . ( ), .

DER (0,59%/; 17%) (128) 4 . , : 0,42%, 0,38% 0,32% 3 (125, 126,132). , , 2 3 ( 0,18%/). 2 0,24%/, 3 0,42%/. 3.2, 3 . (0,23%/) (21) , (100% ). , , 10 , , , 30 .

, ( ) , , (84, 115, 128) 2 4 . , , ? , , ? Abe et al (84) , ≈1%/ ≈0,25%/. 3 4 7 - , Seynnes et al (105) ≈ 0,12%/ 10 , ≈0,25%/ 25 35- . , 2- 3 . , , . , (4 ), , /- , . , , , 2 4 6 . .

(45, 46, 56, 61, 76, 79, 133, 134, 137), / . . (79,134) . Vikne et al (79) , , , 12 . 5 4 , 50% 110 135% . , , , (5,99% 6,75%, ), (3,1%). . With et al (134) , , 8 . , 5 8 12 . , 3 4 , (6,6% 7,4% ), , (3,9%)

Vikne et al (79) Wirth et al (134) , . 2 3 , , , . , 3 24 48 72 (140- 143). , , / . , Vikne et al (79) Wirth et al (134). , 48 .

1 -2 . , , , (144). Tesch (145) , , , . (79, 134, 146) (146, 147). , Wirth et al (134) Vikne et al (79), McLester et al (147), , , .

Hakkinen & Kallinen (61) , , . 3 , . . , . , ( 4%, 0,19%/). , , , - .

4.2 .

, , , . -, ( ) , , DER , . 2 10 , >60% , <60%. , , ≈70 85% . , , , . ( 5), ( ). (148 - 151), (55, 62, 68, 69). , , <60% .





:


: 2017-01-21; !; : 502 |


:

:

.
==> ...

1467 - | 1394 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.035 .