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14.

:

1. .

2. .

3. .

4. .

5. .

6. .

7. .

8. .

9. .

10. .

11. .

12. .

13. .

14. .

15.

 

 

(file) . , .

. . , 50 , file ( ). . file : , (, ) , , "" . " X files" ( " ").

IBM IBM 360 1960- . (data set) , , .

, , . () . , () ( ).

. , . . UNIX: . , , , (read, write) . , IBM 360, "". , , , .

( , ).

(records) , . :

, ;

;

.

, :

Microsoft Office ( , , , ..);

, , portable executable (PE) - .NET; class- Java; , ..

.

.

, . , , , , .., .

:

(Name) , .

(Type) . , . , "" , : 0 , 2 , 3 .. , MS DOS, Windows, UNIX: , , book.txt (.txt), .

(Location) .

(Size) .

(Protection) , , .

. , . () , (, make) , .

UNIX touch f, f . Touch . , .

. () (owner). .

( - directories),, , Windows, (folders) , . .

, .

(Create). ; () .

(Write). , (records) , , -.

(Read). .

() (Seek). , , ( ) ( ).

(Delete). , (UNIX) (MS DOS).

(Truncate).

(Open) () .

(Close) ; ; , .

(read, write), , . ; , - , , , .

1 .

1.
( ) exe, com, bin
obj, ,
, , Java, pas, asm, (, .)
bat, sh
txt, doc ,
wp, tex, rtf, doc -
lib, a, so, dll, mpeg, mov, rm
arc, zip, tar ASCII
arc, zip, tar , ,
mpeg, mov, rm , -

. , , , -, .txt () , , .c , .p . pas . - ( Windows .obj, UNIX - .o), : Windows - .lib, UNIX - .a; Windows - .dll, UNIX .so. , Windows - .exe, UNIX , : a.out (assembler output). :. doc - Microsoft Word, .pdf Adobe Acrobat .

. , () . , . , , , . , , () .

, (, , ), .

-, : , .

:

read next

write next

reset

rewrite .

:

read n

write n

position to n n

read next

write next

rewrite n, n - ().

. 1.

. 1. .

 

. 2.

2.
reset cp =0;
read next read cp; cp = cp +1;
write next write cp; cp = cp +1;

, , cp, cp .

, () . .2 , . , , Smith.

. 2. .

(directory, folder) - , . , , . , . (paths) , ( ) . , Windows c:\doc\plan.txt , C:, doc (), plan.txt. , .

(back-up) , (), flash- , , - (CD, DVD). ( ) .

""

, , "". , .

"" , , . "" Windows Solaris: . .

"" . , 100 (!).

"" , , .. (). , , , . , ( "" , c ) (). . , . : () (), , . , . .

"" , , , . "", UNIX , .

. 3.

. 3. .

 

. (partitions) , ( ). , . Partition Magic. . , , .

, , . , , , Windows A FAT32, B NTFS. C Linux, Ext2Fs.

, , . , API. . GUI .

() . () , cd (change directory),, C:, :

cd doc

doc. (.).

. , (path), , , C:\doc\plan.txt. , . , Windows :

type plan. txt

plan.txt (C:\doc) .

. , , , Windows notepad, wordpad, Microsoft Word. , - . , Java program.java, :

javac program.java

Java - class-, - Java - program.class.

, , - , Microsoft Word . .

. . mkdir, :

mkdir tmp.

- del ( Windows) rm ( UNIX). , . , . . Windows, , , ( ), , , FAT . UNIX, , , , UNIX , .

. dir ( Windows) ls ( UNIX) . , :

ls doc > doc_list.txt

. , . UNIX mv, :

mv old_file.txt new_file.txt

. . , , , , , , , make- , . UNIX ln, :

cd /my_dir

ln s /doc doc

my_dir /doc, doc. , /doc / my_dir/doc . UNIX .

. , , , . , UNIX :

find. name plan. txt print

plan. txt .

"", "", , () . , , , .





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