The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Warming-up
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to situate, northwest, English Channel, to separate, North Sea, climate, air, population, flag, to show, dragon, to represent, to form, industrial, producer, exporter, iron, steel,, machinery, electronic, chemical and textile, shipbuilding, fishing, farming.
3. . , .
1.The country comprises England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
2.Great Britain is separated from Belgium and Holland by the North Sea, and from Ireland by the Irish Sea.
3.The highest mountains are the Snowdon (3000 ft.) and the Highlands.
4.The Saint Georges cross is the English flag.
5.Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country
4. .
The official name for the country whose language we study is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The country comprises England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles in the northwest of Europe. The English Channel 18 miles wide separates it from France. Great Britain is separated from Belgium and Holland by the North Sea, and from Ireland by the Irish Sea.
There are no high mountains in Great Britain. The highest mountains are the Snowdon (3000 ft.) and the Highlands. The biggest rivers are the Severn and the Thames joined by canals, so that it is possible to travel by water from one end of the country to the other. There are many beautiful lakes in the mountainous part of the country.
The climate of Great Britain is mild. It is never too hot or too cold because of the sea which keeps the island warm in winter and makes the air cool in summer. The worst thing about the climate is the thick fog.
The population of Great Britain is over 57 million people. The capital of the UK is London. The population of England is 48 million and the capital is London too. The Saint Georges cross is the English flag. The population of Scotland is 5 million people and the capital is Edinburgh. The Saint Andrews cross is the Scottish flag. The population of Wales is 2,9 million people and the capital is Cardiff. The welsh flag shows a dragon. The capital of the Northern Ireland is Belfast and the population is 1,6 million. The flag of the Northern Ireland represents 6 counties which form the Northern Ireland.
Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the worlds largest producers and exporters of iron and steel products, machinery and electronics, chemicals and textiles. One of the chief industries is shipbuilding. The fishing industry is concentrated mostly on the east cost. The British farming and agriculture is being developed in an intensive way.
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| official | products |
| the UK | industrial country |
| northwest | name |
| the biggest | flag |
| thick | cross |
| the Saint Georges | of Great Britain and Northern Ireland |
| english | industry |
| steel | Europe |
| fishing | rivers |
| highly developed | fog |
7. .
1. The official name of the country is
2. The country comprises
3. The UK is situated on .
4. The highest mountains are ..
5. The biggest rivers are..
6. The climate of Great Britain is
7. The worst thing above the climate is
8. The population in the UK is .
9. The population in England is ..
10. The population in Scotland is
11. The population in Wales in
12. Great Britain is a highly developed
13. It is known as one of the worlds largest producers and exporters of
14. One of the chief industries is ..
GOVERNMENT IN GREAT BRITAIN
1. , .
1. democracy, constitution, control, result
2. historical, technical, regular
3. to consult, to function, to visit, to command
4. process, system, situation, element
5. Cabinet, symbol, diagrammatic
2. . , .
1. The Queen reigns but doesnt rule.
2. The monarch takes no part in decision-making process.
3. Parliament won that struggle.
4. The Crown continues to function within the certain limits and is subject to Parliaments control.
5. The Prime Minister visits the Queen.
6. This means that it has a monarch.
3. .
The System of Government
The UK (United Kingdom) is a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary democracy. This means that it has a monarch (a king or a queen) as its Head of State. In theory, the constitution has three branches: Parliament, which makes laws, the government, which executes laws, i.e. puts them into effect, and the law courts, which interpret laws. As a result of a historical process the people in Britain accept the Queen as the head of the State. Although
The reigning monarch is not only the head of the state but also the symbol of the unity of the nation. In law the monarch is the head of the executive and the judicial branches, the head of the Church of England and commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The Queen is regularly visited by her prime Minister to receive an account of Cabinet decisions and to be consulted on matters of national life. The Queen is very rich as are other members of the royal family. In addition, the government pays for her expenses as the Head of the State.
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Parliament is a supreme legislative body. Parliament has two parts: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Members of the House of Commons are elected by the voters of 650 constituencies. They are known as Members of Parliament (MPs). Parliamentary elections are held every five years on the basis of the universal suffrage and secret ballot. The House of Commons plays a major role in lawmaking. The House of Lords are non-elected chamber which now consists of about 500 members. The House of Lords is the upper house of the British Parliament but the less powerful part of it. The House of Lords consists of the Lords Temporal, the Lords Spiritual and Law Lords. Lords Spiritual are the Archbishops of York and Canterbury, together with twenty-four senior bishops of Church of England. The Law Lords serve the House of Lords as the ultimate court of appeal. The main function of Parliament is to make laws regulating the life of the community and relating to any aspect of the political, economic, legal, social, and cultural life of the UK as a whole, or to any of its constituent part.
The British Parliamentary system depends on political parties. The Prime Minister, or leader of the Government, is also an Member of Parliament, usually the leader of the political party with a majority in the House of Commons. The second largest party becomes to the official Opposition with its own leader and Shadow Cabinet.
So, executive power in the UK belongs to the Government which consists of the Cabinet and other ministers. The Government includes about a hundred politicians under the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister chooses about twenty MPs from his/her party to become a Cabinet. The Cabinet includes the ministers in charge of major government departments or ministries. Departments and ministries are run by civil servants, who are permanent officials. Even if the Government changes after an election, the same civil servants are employed. The Cabinet deals with the main lines of policy, exercises and coordinates the work and policies of various ministers. The meetings of the Cabinet are usually held at 10 Downing Street, the residence of the Prime Minister.
Vocabulary
authority (n) ;
to reign (v)
monarch (n)
the reigning monarch
the Crown (n) ,
Parliament (n)
the House of Lords (the Lords) ( ; ; ; )
appeal (n) -
the House of Commons (the Commons) ( ; )
Prime minister -
suffrage (n)
direction (n)
chamber (n)
the Church of England
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| national | process |
| royal | control |
| decision-making | life |
| historical | family |
| prime | wealth |
| armed | the struggle |
| reigning | minister |
| elected | forces |
| state | Parliament |
| two chambers of | government |
| a result of | monarch |
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the result a historical process
the unity government
the House of the unity
the symbol Commons
the nation
Lords
7. , .
The British system of Government has three elements: the ______________, the _________ and the ____________. The reigning monarch is ____________ of the state, the _________, the_________ and the __________. So the Queen (or King) _________ but doesnt rule.
8. . .
1. The UK is a parliamentary monarchy and a constitutional democracy.
2. The people in Britain accept the Queen as the Head of the State.
3. Everything is done on the advice of the Queen.
4. The monarch takes no part in the decision-making process.
5. British Government has two elements: the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
6. The reigning monarch is the symbol of the unity of the nation.
7. The Parliament is the Head of the executive and judicial branches.
8. The monarch is the Head of the Church of England and commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
9. The Queen is very rich as are other members of the royal family.
9. . , .
| 1. Head of the Church | e) is not only the head of the state but also symbol |
| 2. Government | u) has three elements: the Crown and two chambers of Parliament the House of Lords and the House of Commons. |
| 3. The monarch | q) is the monarch in the UK |
| 4. Prime minister | n) visits the Queen regularly to receive an account of Cabinet decisions and to be consulted on matters of national life. |
| 1. | 2. | 3. | 4. | 5. |
.. receives her authority from parliament.
9. .
1. The Head of the UK is.
2. The UK is a parliamentary .
3. There are three branches of power: , . and ...
4. The executive branch of power consists of ..
5. The Prime Minister is a of the Cabinet.
6. The legislative branch of power consists of ...
7. Parliament consists of.
8. The is an elected chamber of Parliament.
9. There are MPs in the of Parliament.
10. The .. is a non-elected chamber of Parliament.
11. The House of Lords consists of ., and ...
12. The . branch of power consists of ...
13. The serve the House as the ultimate court of appeal.
10. .
2.
Warming-up
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Continent, state, ocean, west, north, central, Pacific Ocean, south, east, War of Independence, colony, federal union, District of Columbia, square kilometers, population, million, climate, condition, industrial branches, aircraft, rocket, automobile, electronics, radio engineering, textile, leather, footwear, food, oil, gas, iron ore, coal.
3. . , .
1. Canada in the North and Mexico in the South are the only countries that have borders with the USA.
2. In the War of Independence (1775-1783) it became independent.
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3. It is at the same time one of the hottest and one of the coldest countries; one of the wettest and one of the driest.
4. You know that the flag of the USA, the stars and stripes has 50 stars on a blue background.
5. The White House, where the US President lives and works, the Capitol, the home of the US Congress, the Supreme Court are all in Washington, D.C.
4. .
